Mvuri IT: Kuenzanisa Njodzi uye Mabhenefiti Ese Sangano Rakatarisana

ngovepo

Kuzvishandira kushuma ndiyo nyika yechipikirwa yemazuva ano. Ingave Tableau, Cognos Analytics, Qlik Sense, kana imwe analytics chishandiso, vatengesi vese vanoita kunge vari kusimudzira yekuzvishandira uye kuongororwa kwedata. Nekuzvishandira kunouya Shadow IT. Tinotenda izvozvo zvose masangano anotambura neShadow IT inovandira mumimvuri, kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe. Mhinduro ndeyekuvhenekera mwenje pairi, kutonga njodzi uye kuwedzera mabhenefiti. 

tsananguro

Mune ino chena bepa isu tichavhara shanduko yekuzivisa uye zvakavanzika zvakasviba izvo zvisina munhu anotaura nezvazvo. Zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvinoda maitiro akasiyana. Dzimwe nguva kunyange pfungwa.  Ideologies "Idzo dzakabatanidzwa zvirevo, dzidziso uye zvinangwa zvinoumba chirongwa chesociopolitical." Isu hatisi kuzowana zvemagariro evanhu asi ini handigone kufunga nezve izwi rekuendesa bhizinesi uye IT chirongwa. Ini ndaizotarisa iyo Kimball-Inmon dhatabhesi kupatsanura gakava repfungwa nenzira yakafanana. Nemamwe mashoko, maitiro ako, kana kuti mafungire aunoita, ndiwo anotungamirira zviito zvako.  

kumashure

apo IBM 5100 PC yaive mamiriro ehunyanzvi, $10,000 yaizokuwanira 5-inch skrini ine yakavakirwa-mukati keyboard, 16K RAM uye tepi drive. huremu hunodarika 50 pounds. Inokodzera accounting, izvi zvingave zvakabatana kune yemahara-yakamira disk array saizi yediki kabati yekuisa. Chero yakakomba komputa yakanga ichiri kuitwa kuburikidza nematerminal pane mainframe timeshare. (mufananidzo)

"Operators” aitarisira daisy-akasungwa maPC uye akadzora kupinda kune yekunze. Zvikwata zvevashandisi, kana gare gare-zuva-sysadmins uye devops, zvakakura kutsigira tekinoroji iri kuramba ichikura. Tekinoroji yaive yakakura. Zvikwata zvaivatungamirira zvaive zvakakura.

Enterprise manejimendi uye IT-inotungamirwa kushuma zvave zvakajairwa kubva pakutanga kwenguva yekombuta. Iyi pfungwa yakavakirwa pane yakadzikama, inochengetedza nzira iyo "Kambani" inobata zviwanikwa uye inokupa iwe zvaunoda. Kana iwe uchida chirevo chetsika, kana chirevo munguva yakatarwa yaive kunze-kwe-kutenderera, unofanirwa kuendesa chikumbiro.  

Nzira yacho yainonoka. Pakanga pasina hutsva. Agile akanga asipo. Uye, sedziva rekare revafundisi, iyo IT department raionekwa sepamusoro.

Pasinei nekuderera, zvakaitwa nechikonzero. Paiva nezvimwe zvakanakira kuzviita nenzira iyi. Paive nema process aiitwa nemunhu wese. Mafomu akazadzikiswa akapetwa katatu uye akafambiswa kuburikidza neinteroffice mail. Zvikumbiro zve data kubva kusangano rese zvakarongerwa, zvakashongedzwa, zvakakosheswa uye zvaiitwa nenzira inofanotaurwa.  

Paive nenzvimbo imwe chete yekuchengetera data uye imwe chete bhizinesi-yakafara yekushuma chishandiso. Mishumo yemumagaba yakagadzirwa nechikwata chepakati chakapihwa a imwe shanduro yechokwadi. Kana nhamba dzaive dzisina kunaka, munhu wese aishanda kubva kunhamba dzisiri dzakafanana. Pane chimwe chinhu chinoda kutaurwa chekuenderana kwemukati.

Kutungamira kweiyi nzira yekuita bhizinesi kwaifungidzirwa. Zvaiva nebhajeti.  

Zvino rimwe zuva makore 15 kana 20 apfuura, zvose izvozvo zvakaputika. Pakaita chimurenga. Simba reComputing rakawedzerwa.  Mutemo waMorey - "simba rekugadzirisa makombiyuta richapeta kaviri makore maviri ose" - yakateererwa. MaPC aive madiki uye akazara.   

Makambani mazhinji akatanga kuita sarudzo zvichibva pane data kwete hunhu hwavakange vashandisa kwemakore mazhinji. Vakaona kuti vatungamiriri muindasitiri yavo vaive vachiita sarudzo zvichienderana nenhoroondo dzenhoroondo. Nenguva isipi data yakava pedyo nenguva chaiyo. Pakupedzisira, kushuma kwakava kufanotaura. Zvaive zvidiki pakutanga, asi kwaive kutanga kwekushandisa analytics kutyaira bhizinesi sarudzo.

Paive neshanduko yekuhaya vamwe vanoongorora data uye data masayendisiti kubatsira manejimendi kunzwisisa musika uye kuita sarudzo dziri nani. Asi chinhu chinosetsa chakaitika. Iyo yepakati IT timu haina kutevedzera maitiro akafanana nekuderera kwemakomputa emunhu. Haina kubva yawedzera kushanda uye diki.

Nekudaro, mukupindura tekinoroji yakatemerwa, timu yeIT yakatangawo kuve yakawedzera kuderedzwa. Kana, angangoita mabasa anga agara ari chikamu cheIT, aive zvino ari chikamu chebhizinesi zvikamu. Vaongorori vainzwisisa data uye bhizinesi rakaiswa mudhipatimendi rega rega. Mamaneja akatanga kubvunza vaongorori vavo mamwe mashoko. Vanoongorora, vakati, "Ini ndichafanira kuzadza zvikumbiro zve data mutatu. Yekutanga kutenderwa ndeye mwedzi uno wemwedzi wekutanga kukoshesa data. Zvino zvinogona kutora vhiki kana maviri kuti IT igadzirise chikumbiro chedu chedata - zvichienderana nebasa ravo. ASI,… dai ndangokwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yekuchengetera data, ndinogona kukubvunza mubvunzo masikati ano. " Uye saka zvinoenda.

Chinja chekuzvishandira chaive chatanga. Dhipatimendi reIT rakarerutsa kubata kwaro pamakiyi e data. Vatengesi vekubika uye analytics vakatanga kugamuchira huzivi hutsva. Yakanga iri paradigm itsva. Vashandisi vakawana maturusi matsva ekuwana data. Vakaona kuti vaigona kunzvenga hutongi kana vakangowana mukana kune data. Ipapo vaigona kuita ongororo yavo uye kuderedza nguva yekuchinja nekumhanyisa mibvunzo yavo.

Mabhenefiti e-self-service reporting uye analytics

Kupa kuwana kwakananga kune iyo data kune ruzhinji uye yekuzvishandira-yekuzivisa yakagadzirisa akati wandei matambudziko,

1. Focused.  Zvinangwa-zvakavakwa maturusi ayo aiwanikwa nyore nyore akatsiva imwe chete, yemazuva, yakawanda-chinangwa chekuzivisa nhaka uye analytics chishandiso kutsigira vese vashandisi uye kupindura mibvunzo yese. 
2. Agile.  Kare, zvikwata zvebhizimisi zvaikanganiswa nekusashanda zvakanaka. Kuwana data remwedzi wapfuura chete kwakakonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka. Kuvhura iyo dhata yekuchengetera data kwakapfupisa maitiro achibvumira avo vari padyo nebhizinesi kuti vashande nekukurumidza, vaone akakosha maitiro uye kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza. Nokudaro, kuwedzera kukurumidza uye kukosha kwedata.
3. Anopa simba. Panzvimbo yekuti vashandisi vavimbe nehunyanzvi uye kuwanikwa kwevamwe kuvaitira sarudzo, vakapihwa zviwanikwa, masimba, mukana, uye kurudziro yekuita basa ravo. Saka, vashandisi vakave nekugoneswa vachishandisa chishandiso chekuzvishandira icho chaigona kuvasunungura kubva pakuvimba nevamwe vari musangano kune zvese kuwana data uye kusikwa kwekuongorora pachako.

Matambudziko ekuzvishandira kushuma uye analytics

Nekudaro, padambudziko rega rega rega-self-service reporting yakagadziriswa, yakagadzira akati wandei. Maturusi ekubika uye ekuongorora akange asisatarisirwe nechepakati neTI timu. Saka, zvimwe zvinhu zvanga zvisiri matambudziko kana timu imwechete yakakwanisa kushuma zvakawedzera kunetsa. Zvinhu zvakaita sesimbiso yemhando, kutonga kweshanduro, zvinyorwa uye maitiro senge kuburitsa manejimendi kana kutumira vakazvitarisira ivo pazvaitungamirirwa nechikwata chidiki. Paive nemaitiro emakambani ekushuma uye manejimendi edata, akange asisagone kutevedzerwa. Paive nekunzwisisa kushoma kana kuoneka mune zvaiitika kunze kweIT. Shanduko manejimendi yakanga isipo. 

Aya maitirwo aidzorwa nedhipatimendi akashanda sea mumvuri wehupfumi zvinoreva bhizinesi rinoitika 'pasi pe radar', iyi iShadow IT. Wikipedia inotsanangura Shadow IT se“ruzivo rwekombiyuta (IT) masisitimu akaiswa nemadhipatimendi asiri epakati IT department, kushanda achitenderedza kusakwana kweiyo central information system. " Vamwe vanotsanangura Mvuri IT zvimwe broadly yekusanganisira chero chirongwa, zvirongwa, maitiro kana masisitimu ari kunze kwekutonga kweIT kana infosec.

Hoo! Dzora. Kana Mvuri IT iri chero chirongwa, chirongwa, maitiro kana sisitimu iyo IT isingadzore, saka inopararira kupfuura zvataifunga. Zviri kwose kwose. Kuti nditaure zvakanyanya, ose sangano rine Shadow IT kunyangwe vachizvibvuma kana kwete.  Zvinongouya kunyaya yedhigirii. Kubudirira kwesangano kubata neShadow IT kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemagadzirisiro avanoita mamwe matambudziko akakosha.

• chibatiso. Pamusoro peiyo rondedzero yenyaya dzakagadzirwa neShadow IT iri ngozi dzekuchengetedza. Funga macros. Funga maspredishiti ane PMI nePHI akatumirwa neemail kunze kwesangano.
• Dambudziko repamusoro rekurasikirwa nedata.  Zvekare, nekuda kwekusawirirana mukuita kana maitiro, kuita kwega kwega kunogona kunge kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuratidza kuti maitiro ebhizinesi akasimbiswa ari kuteverwa. Uyezve, zvinoita kuti zviome kunyangwe kutevedzera zvikumbiro zviri nyore zvekuongorora zvekushandisa uye kuwana.
• Nyaya dzekuteerera.  Zvine chekuita nenyaya dzekuongorora, kune zvakare kuwedzera mukana wekuwana data uye kuyerera kwedata, zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kutevedzera mirau senge. Sarbanes-Oxley Act, GAAP (Kazhinji Inogamuchirwa Accounting Misimboti), HIPAA (Utano Hwimishuwarenzi Kubhadhara uye Kuita Mutemo Mutemo) nevamwe
• Kusakwana mukuwana data.  Kunyangwe imwe yematambudziko akagovera IT ichiedza kugadzirisa kukurumidza kudhata, mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe inosanganisira yakavanzika mari kune vasiri-IT vashandi mune zvemari, kushambadzira, uye HR, semuenzaniso, vanopedza nguva yavo vachikakavadzana nezvechokwadi chedata, vachiyananisa nhamba dzemuvakidzani wavo uye kuyedza kubata software nechigaro chemabhurugwa avo.
• Kusakwana mukuita. Kana tekinoroji yakatorwa neakawanda mabhizinesi mayuniti akazvimiririra, saka, zvakare, ndiwo maitiro ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwavo uye kutumira. Zvimwe zvinogona kushanda zvakanaka. Vamwe kwete zvakanyanya.  
• Zvisingaenderani bhizinesi pfungwa uye tsananguro. Iko hakuna muchengeti wegedhi kuti agadzirise zviyero, kusawirirana kunokwanisa kukura nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekuyedzwa uye kutonga kweshanduro. Pasina nzira yakabatana kune data kana metadata bhizinesi harisisina imwe vhezheni yechokwadi. Madhipatimendi anogona nyore kuita sarudzo dzebhizinesi zvichibva pane isina kukwana kana isina kukwana data.
• Kushaya kurongeka nechiono chekambani.  Mvuri IT inowanzo dzikamisa kuitika kweROI. Iwo masisitimu emakambani aripo ekutaurirana zvibvumirano zvevatengesi uye zvibvumirano zvakakura dzimwe nguva zvinodarika. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune yakawandisa rezinesi uye duplicate masisitimu. Uyezve, zvinokanganisa kutsvaga kwezvinangwa zvesangano uye zvirongwa zveIT.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti vavariro dzakanaka dzekutora kuzivisa kwekuzvishandira zvakakonzera mhedzisiro isingatarisirwe. Matambudziko anogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: hutongi, chengetedzo, uye kurongeka kwebhizinesi.

Usaite chikanganiso, mabhizinesi anoda vashandisi vane simba vanoshandisa data-chaiyo-nguva nemidziyo yemazuva ano. Ivo zvakare vanoda chirango chekuchinja manejimendi, kuburitsa manejimendi uye vhezheni kutonga. Saka, kuzviitira-sevhisi kushuma / BI inhema here? Unogona here kuwana kuenzana pakati pekuzvitonga nekutonga? Unogona kutonga zvausingaone here?

The Solution

Iyo BI Self-Service Spectrum 

Mumvuri hausisiri mumvuri kana ukavhenekera chiedza pauri. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Shadow IT haichafanirwa kutyiwa kana ikaunzwa pamusoro. Mukufumura Mimvuri IT, unogona kutora mukana wemabhenefiti ekuzivisa wega-sevhisi inodiwa nevashandisi vebhizinesi uku panguva imwechete ichideredza njodzi kuburikidza nehutongi. Inotonga Shadow IT inonzwika senge oxymoron, asi iri, muchokwadi, nzira yakadzikama yekuunza hutariro mukuzvishandira.

Ndinofarira ichi fananidzo yemunyori (yakakweretwa kubva Kimball) yekuzviitira-sevhisi BI/yekuzivisa inofananidzwa neresitorendi buffet. Iyo buffet ndeyekuzvishandira mupfungwa iyo unogona kuwana chero chaunoda ugozvidzosera patafura yako. Izvi hazvirevi kuti iwe uchapinda mukicheni woisa steak yako pane grill iwe pachako. Iwe uchiri kuda iye chef nechikwata chake chekicheni. Zvakangofanana ne-self-service reporting/BI, iwe uchagara uchida iyo IT timu kuti igadzirire iyo data buffet kuburikidza nekubvisa, shanduko, kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza, modhi, kubvunza, uye kutonga.  

Yese-iwe-iwe-unogona-kudya buffet inogona kunge yakapusa yekuenzanisa. Zvatakaona ndezvekuti kune madhigirii akasiyana ekutora chikamu chetimu yekubikira yekudyira. Nevamwe, sechinyakare buffet, vanogadzira chikafu kumusana uye vanoisa smorgasbord kana yave kudyiwa. Zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kurodha ndiro yako woidzosera kutafura yako. Iyi ndiyo Las Vegas MGM Grand Buffet kana yeGoridhe Corral bhizinesi modhi. Kune imwe magumo eiyo spectrum, mabhizinesi akaita seKumba Chef, Blue Apron uye Mhoro Fresh, anopa resipi uye zvinongedzo pamusuwo wako. Imwe ungano inodiwa. Vanotenga uye kuronga kudya. Iwe ita zvimwe.

Pane imwe nzvimbo pakati, zvichida, inzvimbo dzakaita seMongolia Grill dzakagadzirira zvigadzirwa asi zvakagadzirirwa kuti usarudze uye wozopa ndiro yako yenyama yakasvibirira nemiriwo kumubiki kuti aise pamoto. Muchiitiko ichi, kubudirira kwekupedzisira kunoenderana (zvishoma muchikamu) pauri kusarudza musanganiswa wezvigadzirwa uye sosi zvinoenda pamwe chete zvakanaka. Izvo zvinoenderanawo nekugadzirira uye kunaka kwechikafu chaunofanira kusarudza kubva, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwemubiki uyo dzimwe nguva anowedzera kubata kwake.

Iyo BI Self-Service Spectrum

Self-service analytics yakangofanana. Masangano ane self-service analytics anowanzo kuwira pane imwe nzvimbo pane spectrum. Pane imwe magumo eiyo spectrum masangano, seMGM Grand Buffet, uko IT timu ichiri kuita ese data uye metadata kugadzirira, inosarudza iyo bhizinesi-yakakura analytics uye yekubika chishandiso uye inopa kune yekupedzisira-mushandisi. Yese iyo yekupedzisira-mushandisi inoda kuita kusarudza iyo data data yaanoda kuona uye kumhanya chirevo. Chinhu chega chekuzvishandira nezve modhi iyi ndechekuti chirevo hachisati chagadzirwa neTI timu. Ihwo huzivi hwemasangano anoshandisa Cognos Analytics hunowira pamagumo aya emutambo.

Masangano akada kufanana nekiti chekudya chinounzwa pamusuwo wako anowanzo kupa vashandisi vawo "data kit" iyo inosanganisira iyo data yavanoda uye sarudzo yezvishandiso yavanokwanisa kuwana nayo. Iyi modhi inoda kuti mushandisi anzwisise zviri nani data uye chishandiso kuwana mhinduro dzavanoda. Muchiitiko chedu, makambani anowedzera Qlik Sense uye Tafura anowanzo kuwira muchikamu ichi.

Zvishandiso zvebhizinesi sePower BI zvakanyanya seMongolia Grill - kumwe pakati.  

Kunyangwe isu tichigona kuenzanisa nekuisa masangano anoshandisa akasiyana maturusi ekuongorora panzvimbo dzakasiyana dze "BI Self-Service Spectrum", chokwadi ndechekuti chinzvimbo chinogona kuchinja nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei: kambani inogona kutora matekinoroji matsva, kugona kwemushandisi kunogona kuwedzera, manejimendi. inogona kuraira maitiro, kana bhizinesi rinogona kungoshanduka kune yakavhurika modhi yekuzvishandira ine rusununguko rwakawanda kune vatengi vedata. Muchokwadi, iyo chinzvimbo pane iyo spectrum inogona kutosiyana mumayuniti ebhizinesi mukati mesangano rimwe chete.  

Evolution yeAnalytics

Nechinjo yekuzvishandira uye sezvo masangano anofamba achienda kurudyi paBI Buffet Spectrum, nzvimbo dzechinyakare dzehudzvanyiriri Centers of Excellence dzakatsiviwa nenharaunda dzinodyidzana dzekuita. IT inogona kutora chikamu muzvikwata zvematrixed izvi zvinobatsira kushamwaridzana maitiro epamusoro pazvikwata zvekutakura. Izvi zvinobvumira zvikwata zvekusimudzira kudivi rebhizinesi kuchengetedza kumwe kuzvitonga pavanenge vachishanda mukati memiganhu yekambani yehutongi nekuvaka.

IT inofanira kuramba yakangwarira. Vashandisi vanogadzira yavo mishumo - uye mune dzimwe nguva, modhi - vanogona kunge vasingazive nezve njodzi yekuchengetedza data. Nzira chete yekudzivirira kudonha kungangoita kuchengetedzwa ndeyekutsvaga kutsvaga zvitsva zvemukati uye kuzviongorora kuti zvinoteera.

Kubudirira kweiyo inotongwa Shadow IT zvakare nezve maitiro aripo ekuona kuchengetedzeka uye kuvanzika mitemo inoteererwa. 

Zvikangaidzo Zvekuzvishandira 

Inodzorwa-yega-sevhisi analytics inoyananisa masimba epolar anoisa rusununguko kubva pakutonga. Izvi zvine simba zvinotamba munzvimbo dzakawanda dzebhizinesi uye tekinoroji: kumhanya kunopesana nezviyero; hutsva maringe nemashandiro; agility maringe nekuvaka; uye zvinodiwa nedhipatimendi maringe nezvido zvemakambani.

-Wayne Erickson

Zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa Shadow IT

Kuenzanisa njodzi uye mabhenefiti kwakakosha pakugadzira inogadzikana Shadow IT mutemo. Leveraging Shadow IT kufumura maitiro matsva uye maturusi anogona kubvumira vashandi vese kuti vabudirire mumabasa avo ingori smart bhizinesi maitiro. Zvishandiso zvine kugona kwekubatanidza neakawanda masisitimu zvinopa makambani mhinduro inogona kufadza zvese IT uye bhizinesi.

Njodzi nematambudziko anosimudzwa neShadow IT anogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya nekuita hurongwa hwehutongi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti data remhando inowanikwa kune vese vanorida kuburikidza nekuzvishandira wega.

Mibvunzo Inokosha 

Mibvunzo Yakakosha IT Kuchengetedzeka Inofanirwa Kukwanisa Kupindura Inoenderana neMumvuri IT Kuonekwa uye Kudzora. Kana iwe uine masisitimu kana maitiro aripo ekupindura iyi mibvunzo, iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kupfuura iyo Shadow IT chikamu chekuchengetedza kuchengetedza:

1. Iwe une mutemo unovhara Shadow IT?
2. Unogona kunyora nyore nyore ese maapplication ari kushandiswa mukati mesangano rako? Mabhonasi mapoinzi kana iwe uine ruzivo nezve vhezheni uye gadzirisa level.
3. Iwe unoziva here kuti ndiani akagadziridza iyo analytic assets mukugadzira?
4. Unoziva here kuti ndiani ari kushandisa Shadow IT application?
5. Unoziva here izvo zviri mukugadzirwa zvakapedzisira kugadziridzwa?
6. Unogona here kudzokera kune yakare vhezheni kana paine zvakakanganisika mushanduro yekugadzira?
7. Iwe unokwanisa kudzoreredza mafaera ega nyore nyore kana njodzi?
8. Ndeipi nzira yaunoshandisa pakubvisa maartifacts?
9. Unogona here kuratidza kuti vashandisi vakatenderwa chete ndivo vakawana sisitimu uye vakasimudzira mafaera?
10. Kana iwe ukaona kukanganisa muhuwandu hwako, unoziva sei payakaunzwa (uye nani)?

mhedziso

Mvuri IT mune akawanda mafomu ari pano kugara. Tinofanira kuvhenekera mwenje pairi uye kuifumura kuitira kuti tigone kubata njodzi tichitora mukana wemabhenefiti ayo. Inogona kuita kuti vashandi vawedzere kugadzira uye mabhizinesi awedzere kugadzira. Zvisinei, chido chezvikomborero chinofanira kuderedzwa nekuchengeteka, kutevedza, uye kutonga.   

References

Maitiro eKubudirira neSelf-Service Analytics Kuenzanisa Kugonesa uye Hutongi

Tsanangudzo yeIdeology, Merriam-Webster

Tsanangudzo yeShadow Economy, Market Business News

Shadow IT, Wikipedia 

Mvuri IT: maonero eCIO

Imwe vhezheni yechokwadi, Wikipedia

Kubudirira neSelf-Service Analytics: Verify New Reports

Iyo IT Inoshanda Model Evolution

Iyo yekuzvishandira BI Hoax

Chii chinonzi Shadow IT?, McAfee

Zvekuita Nezve Shadow IT