Izinzuzo Zokuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo Kwezobuhlakani Bebhizinisi

Ingazuza Kanjani Imboni Yezobunhloli Ebhizinisini Ngokuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo

Ngokwemibandela yemboni, iBusiness Intelligent (BI) kuseyinsimu entsha. Njengezimboni eziningi ezisuselwa kubuchwepheshe, i-BI ithuthukile ngezigaba zayo zokuqala ngokusetshenziswa okuhambisana nezinqubo zesikhashana kanye nempumelelo ehlukahluka kakhulu. Esikhathini esedlule, bekuyinsakavukela ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi we-BI asetshenziswe yinhlangano efanayo ukuthatha izindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele lapho eya ezinhlosweni ezifanayo kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, noma kunjalo, izinhlangano zokucabanga phambili zikhuphule amakhono azo we-BI ngokufakwa phambili kolwazi nobuchwepheshe be-BI. Ngamamodeli afana ne- "BI Competency Center" (BICC) kanye ne- "BI Center of Excellence" eziya zanda kakhulu, lezi zinhlangano manje zichaza izitaki zobuchwepheshe be-BI, amathuluzi wamathuluzi, izinqubo namasu wenhlangano yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela nokwandisa i-ROI ku izinhlelo ezintsha ze-BI. Baphinde bathathe izinkomba ezivela ezinhlelweni ezinhle ezigabeni ezinhlangothini, kulokhu, imboni yesoftware.

Omunye umkhuba omuhle ongakaqashelwa ngumphakathi we-BI owe-Continuous Integration (CI). Emkhakheni wokuthuthuka kwesoftware, i-CI inqubo lapho i-software yekhodebase yakhiwa khona ngokuzenzakalela futhi ihlolwe intuthu ngezikhathi ezithile - endaweni yentuthuko. Kuphrojekthi yesoftware evunyelwe i-CI, i- "build server" iqapha indawo yokugcina yomthombo yephrojekthi futhi, lapho kutholwa izinguquko, idonsa ikhophi yomthombo ehlanzekile, yakhe kabusha ngokuphelele, iqhube zonke izivivinyo zokubuyela emuva, futhi yazise ngentuthuko ithimba lanoma yikuphi ukwehluleka. Umjikelezo ngamunye ophumelele ngokuphelele uveza isethi yokufakwa okungabili komkhiqizo wesoftware.

Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuvamile, okuzenzakalelayo kubamba ngokushesha noma yimaphi amaphutha afakwa ohlelweni (imvamisa kungakapheli imizuzu yokwethulwa kwawo), futhi kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukubona ukuthi ngubani owethule iphutha nokuthi nini. Amaphutha nokungahambisani nakho kushibhile ukuwalungisa lapho ebanjwa kungakapheli imizuzu yokwethulwa kwawo (ikakhulukazi uma engaphumeleli endaweni yentuthuko).

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo (CI)

• Izinqubo eziphindaphindekayo, zokwakha ezizenzakalelayo nezokuhlola.
• Lezi zinqubo ezizenzakalelayo zokwakha nokuhlola zenziwa kaningi ukuze izinkinga zokuhlanganiswa zitholwe kusenesikhathi.
• Imvamisa, imijikelezo ezenzakalelayo inikeza izexwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi ngezinto zobuciko eziphukile / ezingahambelani.
• Eduzane nokuqinisekiswa okusheshayo nokuhlolwa kwazo zonke izinguquko ohlelweni.

Akunakuphikiswa okuncane ukuthi umkhuba we-CI usuphenduke ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu ku-arsenal yenhlangano yesimanje yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. I-CI ithuthukisa kokubili ikhwalithi nomfutho wamaqembu wokuthuthukisa ama-software. Amaqembu entuthuko anokuhlangenwe nakho amukele umqondo we-CI awakwazi ukucabanga ukwenza noma iyiphi iphrojekthi enkulu yesoftware ngaphandle kwawo.

Ngabe imboni ye-BI ingazuza futhi kulokho okwenziwa yi-Continuous Integration?

Impela. Eminyakeni ezayo, ukwenziwa kwe-CI kuzokwaziwa ngamandla ayo amakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa ezindaweni zanamuhla zokuthuthukiswa kwe-BI. Izinhlelo zemvelo ze-BI ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo (bheka isithombe 1). Imvamisa zakhiwa izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo, ezinokuncika okuningi. Isibonelo, i-ecosystem ejwayelekile ye-BI ingaqukatha:

• Imithombo eminingi yedatha ephezulu.
• I-ETL isebenza ngezikhathi ezithile ikhipha, ihlanze futhi ilayishe idatha kusuka kulowo nalowo mthombo okhuphukayo kumashi wedatha noma ezinqolobaneni zedatha.
• Imikhiqizo eminingi ye-BI ifaka isendlalelo "semodeli" ngaphezulu kwalezi zimashi noma izindawo zokugcina izimpahla.
• Ababhali be-BI abangochwepheshe bakha okuqukethwe kwe-BI kuqhathaniswa nalolu ungqimba lwemodeli (isb imibiko).

Njengoba odokotela be-BI abanolwazi bangafakazela - ushintsho oluncane kunoma iyiphi yalezi zingqimba lungagudluka kulo lonke uhlelo - ludala amaphutha noma ukungasebenzi kahle emiphumeleni ye-BI elandelayo. Ngokuya ngokuthi ithimba le-BI likuphi kumjikelezo wokukhishwa, la maphutha noma ukungasebenzi kahle kungahle kungabonakali izinsuku, amasonto noma izinyanga.

Nazi izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela ezimbalwa:

• Ukuguqulwa okubonakala kungenabungozi kusendlalelo semodeli kubangela ushintsho olungalindelekile ezinombolweni zombiko ongakahlelwa ezinyangeni. Lezi zinguquko futhi zilulaza ukusebenza kombiko ofanayo (isimo esinzima kakhulu ukusibala nokuthola ngesandla).
• Ushintsho ekubukweni ku-DB lubangela ukwanda okumangazayo kwezikhathi zokubika.
• Umlingisi uqamba kabusha igama noma asuse ikholomu okuncike kulo umbiko.
• Umbhali wombiko uzama ukuthuthukisa umbiko, kepha umbiko omusha awulethi imiphumela efanele lapho kusethwa imingcele yokuzikhethela.

Ezimweni eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwe-BI, ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwe-BI okwenziwa ngaphansi kokuthuthuka kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela yezandla (isb. “Sebenzisa umbiko, hlola izinombolo, uqinisekise ukuthi zilungile”). Amaqembu e-BI ajwayele ukugxila kulokhu kuhlolwa okwenziwa ngezandla kuma-artifacts3 aguquka ngokushisekayo, kunalawo angashintshwanga muva nje. Lokhu kuthambekela kuzinikela ezinkingeni ezingatholakali lapho izinguquko ezingeni eliphansi lohlelo ziqala ukuqumba phezulu futhi zithinte izinto eziningi ze-BI.

Iningi lezinhlangano lizoletha ngezikhathi ezithile izisekelo zokuqukethwe kwe-BI kusuka endaweni yentuthuko ziye endaweni yokuhlola noma yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi (QA), lapho bezothola ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni ngabasebenzi be-QA. Ngokuya ngobunono beqembu le-QA, ukukhubazeka noma ukwehla kokusebenza kungabanjwa lapha, kepha ngalesi sikhathi, izindleko zokulungisa lezi zinkinga zikhuphuke kakhulu. Lapho isici sesiphumile endaweni yentuthuko (isb. Yangena endaweni ye-QA), kuba kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okujwayelekile kokulungiswa kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwethikithi eliyinkinga elichaza ukuthi ungakukhiqiza kanjani kabusha ukukhubazeka (ngethimba le-QA), ukulandelwa kwethimba le-BI kwawo wonke amathikithi ezinkinga asalindile (ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi abekwa kuqala), ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenkinga ekuthuthukisweni, ukuqaliswa kwe fix, bese kusatshalaliswa kabusha esinye isisekelo se-QA. Ngokunjalo, ukukhubazeka okutholwe ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa kunalokho okutholwe ku-QA.

Kusetshenziswa imigomo ye-CI, ithimba lezentuthuko le-BI lingazitholela ngokusobala izingqinamba ezinjengalezi (imvamisa kungakapheli imizuzu yoshintsho oluzibangele), bese zithatha izinyathelo zokulungisa ngenkathi okuqukethwe kwe-BI kusesendaweni yokuthuthuka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindleko zizonke zokulungisa zibiza kancane.

Ngakho-ke imigomo ye-CI ingasetshenziswa kanjani kuphrojekthi ejwayelekile ye-Business Intelligence? Kwezinye izibonelo zikakhonkolo, sizocubungula MotioCI™, ithuluzi lokuhweba elinika amandla ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwezindawo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-Business Intelligence. MotioCI inikeza amaqembu e-BI ngezici ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo Kobuhlakani Bebhizinisi

1. Ukuqinisekiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwazo zonke izinto ezenziwe nge-BI kuqhathaniswa nemodeli yazo ehambisanayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma iluphi ushintsho lwemodeli noma lwe-database "aluphuli" izinto ezikhona ze-BI.
2. Ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamacala wokuhlola we-artifact ngayinye. Lawa macala wokuhlola angasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa izinto ezifana nokuthi:
   1. Ukwenza kwe-artifact kuveze imininingwane enembile
   2. Ukwenza kwe-artifact kuveze inani elilindelekile ledatha
   3. Ukusebenza kwe-artifact kuyamukeleka (ukwenziwa kuqeda ngesikhathi esilindelekile)
3. Ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo. Nge-artifact ngayinye:
   1. Qinisekisa ukuthi inamathela kuphrojekthi esunguliwe noma kumazinga wokuhlangana wezinto ezinjengemibala, amafonti, izitayela, izithombe ezishumekiwe, njll.
   2. Qinisekisa ukuthi amagama wepharamitha ayafana kuwo wonke ama-artifact
   3. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubudlelwano bokubhora phakathi kwezinto zakudala busasebenza
4. Ukulandelelwa kwezinguquko ze-ecosystem ye-BI ukuze kuthi lapho ukuhlolwa kuqala ukungaphumeleli, ababambiqhaza bephrojekthi banombono ocacile wokuthi "ngubani oshintshe ini" kusukela ngomjikelezo wokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo:
   1. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezishintshiwe (futhi zenziwe ngubani?)
   2. Yiziphi izinto zobuciko eziguquliwe (futhi zenziwe ngubani?)
   3. Ngabe kube nezinguquko ze-schema kwimithombo yedatha efanele?
   4. Ngabe kube nezinguquko ezinqala kumanani wedatha kwimithombo yedatha efanele?

Ngokuzenzakalela inqubo engenhla nokuthi yenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile, okuqukethwe kwe-BI okukhiqizwa yithimba kuzohlala kuqinisekiswa ngokunemba, ukuvumelana nokusebenza ngenkathi kusesimweni sokuthuthuka. Uma inqubo ye-CI ithola ukwehluleka, izokwazisa ngokuqinile ithimba le-BI ngalolu daba, iphinde ikhathalele izinguquko ku-BI ecosystem ezenzekile kusukela ngomjikelezo wokugcina ophumelele. Le ndlela inika amandla ithimba le-BI ukuthi libone masinyane izingqinamba ezidalwe izinguquko zakamuva, zithathe izinyathelo zokulungisa futhi zinciphise izindleko.

Imiphumela Yonke Yokuqalisa Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo kwe-BI

1. Amaphutha, ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nokwephulwa kwamazinga kubanjwa kusenesikhathi (imvamisa kungakapheli imizuzu noma amahora wokwethulwa kwawo.
2. Ithimba le-BI lizuza emuva emahoreni amaningi ngaphandle kokuchitha ngesandla lihlola zonke izinto zobuciko ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi okuthile akuphuli, konga isikhathi, kepha futhi kugcina umfutho (kuvumela ababhali be-BI ukuthi bagxile emisebenzini yokuthuthuka yangempela).
3. Ithimba le-BI lizuza ukubonakala okwandayo kokuthi "ubani oguqula ini" ohlelweni lwazo lwe-BI.
4. Imiphumela ekhishwa yithimba le-BI isezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
5. Izinhlangano ze-QA ezikhuphukayo zingagxila emandleni azo ekuhlolweni okuphezulu kakhulu (zonke "izithelo eziphansi eziphansi" ziyahlungwa ngokuzenzakalela ngaphambi kokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-BI kuthuthukiswe kube yi-QA).

Ngamafuphi, njengoba Imboni ye-BI ivuthwa futhi isungula izindlela ezihamba phambili ekuhlanganiseni, ekuphathweni nasekusebenziseni ubuhlakani bebhizinisi, ama-BICC aqhamukayo kufanele ahlole futhi asebenzise izifundo azithole ezigabeni ezinhlangothini, ikakhulukazi imboni yesoftware. I-CI akuyona nje imboni engcono kakhulu yokusebenza embonini yesoftware, kodwa futhi iguquka ibe inqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile. Njengoba imikhuba efakazelwe efana ne-CI yamukelwa, ama-BICC azoqhubeka nokukhula njengomkhakha webhizinisi ngokungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukutholwa kwethimba le-BI (okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni), kepha nangokwandisa ikhwalithi yemiphumela yalo. Lo mthelela okabili umelela ukweqa ekusebenzeni kwe-BICC futhi maduze kuzoba isisekelo sezindawo ze-BI zanamuhla.

1 Umjikelezo ophumeleleyo lapho kungavivinywa izivivinyo khona.
Iphepha lokuqala likaMartin Fowler elichaza ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo lanyatheliswa ngoSepthemba ka-2.