I-AI: Ibhokisi likaPandora noma Ukuqamba Okusha

Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuxazulula imibuzo emisha ephakanyiswa yi-AI kanye nezinzuzo zokuqamba izinto ezintsha

Kunezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu ezihlobene ne-AI kanye nempahla yengqondo. Enye ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokuqukethwe. Umsebenzisi ufaka okuqukethwe ngendlela yokwaziswa lapho i-AI yenza khona isenzo esithile. Kwenzekani kulokho okuqukethwe ngemva kokuphendula kwe-AI? Okunye ukudalwa kokuqukethwe kwe-AI. I-AI isebenzisa ama-algorithms ayo kanye nesisekelo solwazi sedatha yokuqeqeshwa ukuze iphendule ukwaziswa futhi ikhiqize okukhiphayo. Uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi iqeqeshelwe izinto ezingaba namalungelo okukopisha kanye nezinye izinto zobuhlakani, ingabe inoveli ephumayo yanele ukuba ibe ne-copyright?

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kwempahla yengqondo

Kubonakala sengathi i-AI ne-ChatGPT zisematheni nsuku zonke. I-ChatGPT, noma i-Generative Pre-trained Transformer, iyi-chatbot ye-AI eyethulwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2022 ngu. I-OpenAI. I-ChatGPT isebenzisa imodeli ye-AI eqeqeshwe kusetshenziswa i-inthanethi. Inkampani engenzi nzuzo, i-OpenAI, okwamanje inikeza inguqulo yamahhala ye-ChatGPT abayibiza ngokuthi ukuhlola kuqala ucwaningo. “I-OpenAI API ingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi ohlanganisa ukuqonda noma ukukhiqiza ulimi lwemvelo, ikhodi, noma izithombe. “(Umthombo). Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa I-ChatGPT njengengxoxo evulekile nomsizi we-AI (noma, Marv, i-bot yengxoxo ebhuqayo ephendula imibuzo ngokunqikaza), futhi ingasetshenziselwa:

• Humusha izilimi zokuhlela - Humusha usuke kolunye ulimi lokuhlela uye kolunye.
• Chaza ikhodi - Chaza ucezu lwekhodi oluyinkimbinkimbi.
• Bhala i-Python docstring - Bhala i-docstring yomsebenzi wePython.
• Lungisa izimbungulu ngekhodi yePython - Thola futhi ulungise izimbungulu kukhodi yomthombo.

Ukwamukelwa ngokushesha kwe-AI

Izinkampani ze-software ziyaphicana ukuhlanganisa i-AI ezinhlelweni zazo. Kukhona imboni ye-cottage ezungeze i-ChatGPT. Abanye bakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ama-API abo. Kukhona newebhusayithi eyodwa ezikhokhisa yona njenge Indawo yemakethe esheshayo ye-ChatGPT. Bathengisa imiyalo ye-ChatGPT!

Samsung bekungenye yenkampani eyabona amandla futhi yagxumela ku-bandwagon. Unjiniyela wakwa-Samsung usebenzise i-ChatGPT ukuze imsize alungise amaphutha athile futhi amsize alungise amaphutha. Empeleni, onjiniyela ngezikhathi ezintathu ezihlukene balayishe i-IP yebhizinisi ngendlela yekhodi yomthombo ku-OpenAI. AbakwaSamsung bavunyelwe - eminye imithombo ithi, iyakhuthazwa - onjiniyela bayo esigabeni se-semiconductor ukusebenzisa i-ChatGPT ukuze balungiselele futhi balungise ikhodi yomthombo eyimfihlo. Ngemuva kokuthi lelo hhashi elidumile limenyelwe emadlelweni, abakwaSamsung bavala isivalo ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe okwabiwe ne-ChatGPT kube ngaphansi kwe-tweet futhi baphenya abasebenzi abahilelekile ekuputshuzweni kwedatha. Manje icabanga ukuzakhela eyakho i-chatbot. (Isithombe esikhiqizwe i-ChatGPT - impendulo engase ibe indida ngokungenhloso, uma ingeyona into ehlekisayo, kusaziso, "ithimba lonjiniyela bezinhlelo ze-Samsung abasebenzisa i-OpentaI ChatGPT ukulungisa iphutha lekhodi yesofthiwe lapho bebona ngokumangala nokwethuka ukuthi umuthi wokuxubha uphumile eshubhu futhi badalule impahla yengqondo yebhizinisi ku-inthanethi”.)

Ukubeka ngokwezigaba ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha njengokuthi “ukuvuza” kungase kube igama elingelona iqiniso. Uma uvula umpompi, awuvuzi. Ngokufanayo, noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okufaka ku-OpenAI kufanele kubhekwe njengomphakathi. Leyo yi-OPEN AI. Kubizwa vula ngesizathu. Noma iyiphi idatha oyifakile ku-ChatGpt ingase isetshenziselwe “ukuthuthukisa amasevisi wabo we-AI noma ingase isetshenziswe yibona kanye/noma ngisho nozakwethu abambisene nabo ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene.” (Umthombo.) I-OpenAI ixwayisa abasebenzisi kumsebenzisi wayo ziqondise: “Asikwazi ukususa imiyalo ethile emlandweni wakho. Sicela ungabelani nganoma yiluphi ulwazi olubucayi ezingxoxweni zakho,” i-ChatGPT ifaka ngisho ne-caveat kuyo izimpendulo, "sicela uqaphele ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo sengxoxo sihloselwe ukukhombisa futhi asihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni."

I-Samsung akuyona ukuphela kwenkampani ededela ulwazi lobunikazi, lomuntu siqu noluyimfihlo endle. Ucwaningo inkampani ithole ukuthi yonke into kusukela kumadokhumenti ebhizinisi kuya emagameni esiguli kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kwakulayishwe ku-ChatGPT ukuze kuhlaziywe noma kusetshenzwe. Leyo datha isetshenziswa i-ChatGPT ukuqeqesha injini ye-AI kanye nokwenza ngcono ama-algorithms asheshayo.

Abasebenzisi ngokuvamile abazi ukuthi ulwazi lwabo olubucayi lokuhlonza luphathwa, lusetshenziswe, lugcinwe noma lwabiwe kanjani. Izinsongo eziku-inthanethi nokuba sengozini engxoxweni ye-AI yizinkinga zokuphepha ezibalulekile uma inhlangano namasistimu ayo kufakwa engcupheni, idatha yomuntu siqu iputshuzwa, yebiwe futhi isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezinonya.

Imvelo yokuxoxa nge-AI ukucubungula nokuhlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha, okuhlanganisa nolwazi lomuntu siqu, ukuze kukhiqizwe imiphumela efanele. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha enkulu kubonakala kwehluka emcabangweni wobumfihlo...(Umthombo.)

Lokhu akulona icala le-AI. Kuyisikhumbuzo. Kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi i-AI kufanele iphathwe njenge-inthanethi. Ngamanye amazwi, cabangela noma yiluphi ulwazi olufunza ku-OpenAI njengomphakathi. (Khumbula, futhi, ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuphuma okukhiqizwa yi-AI kungaphinde kuguqulwe noma kusetshenziswe njengemodeli ukuze kukhiqizwe izimpendulo kubasebenzisi bakusasa.) Yindlela eyodwa lapho i-AI ibeka engcupheni impahla yengqondo nobumfihlo. Enye impikiswano ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kwezinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi.

I-AI kanye nenkinga ye-copyright

Kunokukhathazeka okuningi okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-AI kanye nezinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi. I-AI iyakwazi ukucubungula igama elibhaliwe. Ingakwazi ukufingqa, ihlaziye, ihlukanise futhi idale nokuqukethwe okusha ngokusekelwe kusitayela esithile sokubhala. I-AI iqeqeshelwe okuqukethwe. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba nzima ukuthi igweme ukusebenzisa izinto ezinelungelo lobunikazi. Ngokwazi kwami, umthetho wamanje awukubheki ngokugcwele ukusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okune-copyright ekuqeqeshweni. (isithombe)

Ngicele i-OpenAI ukuthi ithayiphe umbhalo wekhasi lokuqala elithi “To Kill a Mockingbird” kaHarper Lee. Kwenza. Ngakho-ke, ngiqinisekile ukuthi inokufinyelela kumbhalo one-copyright. Ingakwazi ke ukudala i-resume ngesitayela sikaHarper Lee. Noma, ungayicela ukuthi idale i-sonnet ngokusekelwe endikimbeni yebhuku.

Alikho ithuba lokuthi lokhu kuzoba nephutha ngomsebenzi kaShakespeare - noma uHarper Lee walolo daba. Okuqukethwe okusha okuguqulayo ngokucacile akufanele kudidaniswe nokwangempela. Kuphakama imibuzo eminingana. Kungasiphi isikhathi iba yinguquko? Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi wokuqala udinga ukushintshwa malini ukuze uthathwe njengokuqukethwe okusha?

Omunye umbuzo - futhi lokhu kusebenza ngokulinganayo kunoma yikuphi okuqukethwe okudalwe i-AI - umnikazi wayo? Ubani umnikazi we-copyright yokuqukethwe? Noma, ingabe umsebenzi ungaba ne-copyright? Kungenziwa impikiswano yokuthi umnikazi we-copyright kufanele kube umuntu owakhe lo myalezo futhi owenza isicelo se-OpenAI. Kukhona imboni entsha ye-cottage ezungeze ukugunyazwa okusheshayo. Kwezinye izimakethe eziku-inthanethi, ungakhokha phakathi kuka-$2 no-20 ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuzokuthola ubuciko obukhiqizwa ikhompuyutha noma umbhalo obhaliwe.

Abanye bathi kufanele kube ngekanjiniyela we-OpenAI. Lokho kuphakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe. Ingabe kuncike kumodeli noma injini esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza impendulo?

Ngicabanga ukuthi impikiswano ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele yenziwe ukuthi okuqukethwe okukhiqizwe ikhompuyutha akukwazi ukuba ne-copyright. Ihhovisi le-copyright lase-US likhiphe isitatimende senqubomgomo ku I-Federal Register, Mashi 2023. Kulokho, ithi, "Ngenxa yokuthi iHhovisi lithola cishe uhhafu wesigidi sezicelo zokubhaliswa unyaka ngamunye, libona izitayela ezintsha zomsebenzi wokubhalisa ezingadinga ukulungiswa noma ukwandisa ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ludalulwe esicelweni." Iqhubeka ithi, “Lobu buchwepheshe, obuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi 'i-AI ekhiqizayo,' buphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi impahla abayikhiqizayo ivikelwe yilungelo lobunikazi, ukuthi ingabe imisebenzi ehlanganisa kokubili okubhalwe abantu kanye nezinto ezikhiqizwe yi-AI ingabhaliswa, futhi yini imininingwane kufanele inikezwe iHhovisi ngabafaki zicelo abafuna ukubabhalisa.”

“Ihhovisi” liyavuma ukuthi kunemibuzo ehlobene nokusebenzisa umthetho weminyaka engu-150 kubuchwepheshe obungakaluboni usuku lwayo lokuqala lokuzalwa. Ukuze kubhekwane naleyo mibuzo, iHhovisi Lelungelo Lobunikazi lethule uhlelo lokufunda lolu daba. Izocwaninga futhi ivuleleke ukuze umphakathi uphawule ngokuthi kufanele ibhekane kanjani nokusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okunelungelo lobunikazi ekuqeqesheni i-AI, kanye nokuthi kufanele icabangele kanjani okuqukethwe okukhiqizwayo.

The Irejista yeFederal, ngokumangalisayo, inikeza ukuphawula kombala futhi ichaza izimo ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene "nobunikazi" bemisebenzi kanye nezinqubomgomo zayo zomlando mayelana ne-copyright. Icala elilodwa elahlulelwa lathi inkawu ayikwazi ukuba ne-copyright. Kulokhu, izinkawu zithwebule izithombe ngekhamera. Inkantolo inqume ukuthi lezi zithombe azinamalungelo okukopisha ngoba uMthetho Welungelo Lobunikazi ubhekisela ''ezinganeni,'' ''umfelokazi,'' ''abazukulu,'' kanye ''nomfelokazi'' wombhali. Emehlweni enkantolo lolu limi lwaluzikhipha ngaphandle izinkawu. "Iziqondiso ezikhona zeHhovisi zokubhalisa kudala zidinga ukuthi imisebenzi ibe ngumkhiqizo wokuqanjwa ngabantu."

Lapho i-OpenAI ibuzwa ngale mpikiswano, ithi, “Yebo, kunezindawo ezimpunga zomthetho wempahla yengqondo uma kukhulunywa ngesoftware ne-AI. Ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe kanye nokuntuleka kwezibonelo ezingokomthetho ezimisiwe, ngokuvamile kunzima ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amalungelo umdali anawo emsebenzini wakhe. Isibonelo, uma i-algorithm ye-AI isuselwe kunoveli noma kuhlelo lwesofthiwe ekhona, akuhlale kucacile ukuthi ubani umnikazi wamalungelo e-algorithm noma umsebenzi wangempela. Ukwengeza, ububanzi bokuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa okuhlobene ne-AI yinkinga yezomthetho ephikisanayo. "

I-OpenAI ilungile kulokhu. Kuyacaca ukuthi isicelo se-copyright sase-US kufanele sibe nokugunyazwa komuntu. Phakathi kwamanje nokuphela konyaka, Ihhovisi Lelungelo Lobunikazi lizozama ukulungisa eminye yemibuzo esele futhi linikeze iziqondiso ezengeziwe.

I-Patent Law kanye ne-AI

Izingxoxo ezimayelana noMthetho Welungelo Lobunikazi wase-US nokuthi ingabe uhlanganisa izinto eziqanjiwe ezenziwe yi-AI yindaba efanayo. Njengamanje, njengoba umthetho ubhaliwe, izinto eziqanjiwe ezinelungelo lobunikazi kumele zenziwe abantu bemvelo. INkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States yenqaba ukulalela icala elaliphikisa lowo mbono. (UmthomboNjengehhovisi le-copyright lase-US, i-US Patent and Trademark Office ihlola indawo yayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-USPTO inqume ukwenza ubunikazi bempahla yengqondo bube nzima kakhulu. Abadali be-AI, onjiniyela, abanikazi bangase bangabanikazi bengxenye yokuqanjiwe esiza ukukudala. Ingabe umuntu ongeyena umuntu angaba umnikazi wengxenye?

I-tech-giant i-Google inesisindo sayo kamuva nje. "'Sikholelwa ukuthi i-AI akufanele ibhalwe njengomsunguli ngaphansi koMthetho Welungelo Lobunikazi wase-US, futhi sikholelwa ukuthi abantu kufanele babe namalungelo obunikazi ezinto ezintsha ezakhiwe ngosizo lwe-AI," kusho u-Laura Sheridan, umeluleki omkhulu welungelo lobunikazi kwa-Google. Esitatimendeni se-Google, incoma ukwanda kokuqeqeshwa nokuqwashisa nge-AI, amathuluzi, ubungozi, kanye nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zabahloli belungelo lobunikazi. (Umthombo.) Kungani Ihhovisi Lelungelo Lobunikazi lingakuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ukuze lihlole i-AI?

I-AI nekusasa

Amakhono e-AI kanye, empeleni, yonke indawo ye-AI ishintshile ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule, noma kunjalo. Izinkampani eziningi zifuna ukusebenzisa amandla e-AI futhi zivune izinzuzo ezihlongozwayo zekhodi nokuqukethwe okusheshayo nokushibhile. Kokubili ibhizinisi kanye nomthetho kudinga ukuqonda kangcono imithelela yobuchwepheshe njengoba buhlobene nobumfihlo, impahla yengqondo, amalungelo obunikazi kanye ne-copyright. (Isithombe sikhiqizwe i-ChatGPT ngokwaziswa komuntu “i-AI Nekusasa”. Qaphela, isithombe asinalo ilungelo lobunikazi).

Isibuyekezo: Meyi 17, 2023

Kusaqhubeka kube nentuthuko ehlobene ne-AI kanye nomthetho nsuku zonke. ISenethi inekomidi elincane lezobulungiswa lezobumfihlo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomthetho. Ibambe uchungechunge lokulalelwa kwe-Oversight of AI: Rule for Artificial Intelligence. Ihlose "ukubhala imithetho ye-AI." Ngomgomo “wokufiphaza nokubeka icala lobo buchwepheshe obusha ukuze kugwenywe amanye amaphutha esikhathi esidlule,” kusho usihlalo wekomiti elincane, uSen. Richard Blumenthal. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuze avule umhlangano, udlale umsindo ongamanga ojulile ehlanganisa izwi lakhe nokuqukethwe kwe-ChatGPT oqeqeshwe emazwini akhe angaphambilini:

Kaningi, siye sabona ukuthi kwenzekani uma ubuchwepheshe budlula izimiso. Ukuxhashazwa okungalawuliwe kwedatha yomuntu siqu, ukwanda kolwazi olungaqondile, kanye nokujula kokungalingani komphakathi. Sibonile ukuthi ukuchema kwe-algorithmic kungaqhubeza kanjani ukucwasa nokucwasa nokuthi ukuntula izinto obala kungalulaza kanjani ukwethenjwa komphakathi. Akulona ikusasa esilifunayo leli.

Icubungula isincomo sokudala i-Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Agency entsha esekelwe ku-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye namamodeli eKhomishana Yokulawulwa Kwenuzi (i-NRC). (Umthombo.) Omunye wofakazi ngaphambi kwekomidi elincane le-AI uphakamise ukuthi i-AI kufanele inikezwe ilayisense efanayo nendlela imithi elawulwa ngayo yi-FDA. Abanye ofakazi bachaza isimo samanje se-AI njengeWild West enobungozi bokuchema, ubumfihlo obuncane, nezinkinga zokuphepha. Bachaza i-dystopia ye-West World yemishini “enamandla, ubudedengu futhi okunzima ukuyilawula.”

Ukuletha umuthi omusha emakethe kuthatha iminyaka eyi-10 - 15 kanye nengxenye yesigidigidi samadola. (UmthomboNgakho-ke, uma uHulumeni enquma ukulandela amamodeli e-NRC kanye ne-FDA, bheka i-tsunami yakamuva yokuqamba okusha okujabulisayo endaweni ye-Artificial Intelligence ezothathelwa indawo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngomthetho kahulumeni kanye ne-red tape.