Npaj Mus Rau Huab

Peb tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum thib ob ntawm huab saws. Ntau li 92% ntawm cov lag luam tau siv huab xam rau qee qhov kev kawm. Tus kab mob kis thoob ntiaj teb tau ua tus tsav tsheb tsis ntev los no rau cov koom haum los txais yuav huab technologies. Kev vam meej txav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv, cov haujlwm thiab cov ntawv thov mus rau huab nyob ntawm kev npaj, kev npaj thiab teeb meem kev cia siab.  

1. Kev npaj yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv thiab tib neeg kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txhawb nqa infrastructure.
2. npaj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txoj kev npaj yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
3. Kev tswj teeb meem yog lub peev xwm los saib pom tej thaj chaw muaj teeb meem thiab muaj peev xwm taug qab lawv yog tias ntsib.  

Plaub Yam Ua Lag Luam Yuav Tsum Ua Kom Ua Tau Zoo Hauv Huab, Ntxiv 7 Gotchas

Koj lub lag luam yuav tsiv mus rau huab. Zoo, cia kuv rov hais dua tias, yog tias koj txoj kev lag luam yuav ua tiav, nws yuav txav mus rau qhov huab - qhov no yog, yog tias nws tsis muaj lawm. Yog tias koj twb muaj lawm, tej zaum koj yuav tsis tau nyeem qhov no. Koj lub tuam txhab tab tom xav txog thiab npaj siab coj kom zoo dua ntawm tag nrho cov huab cov txiaj ntsig peb tau tham hauv lwm tsab xov xwm. Raws li xyoo 2020, 92% ntawm cov lag luam tau siv huab rau qee qhov thiab 50% ntawm tag nrho cov tuam txhab cov ntaub ntawv twb tau nyob hauv huab.

Cov nyiaj hauv kab ntawm COVID huab: kev kis thoob qhov txhia chaw tau yuam kev lag luam kom saib ze dua ntawm huab muaj peev xwm los txhawb lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob deb. Cov huab hais txog ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv loj khaws cia thiab cov ntawv thov uas ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawd.  Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev txav mus rau huab yog kom tau txais kev sib tw kom zoo dua los ntawm kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab tau txais kev nkag siab tshiab los ntawm cov nkoj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.   

Tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas Gartner tsis tu ncua luam tawm ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm uas tham txog "cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov qauv uas qhia tau hais tias kev cog lus hauv kev xa cov qib siab ntawm kev sib tw kom zoo dua li tsib mus rau 10 xyoo tom ntej." Kaum xyoo dhau los, Gartner's 2012 Hype Cycle rau Cloud Computing muab Cloud Computing thiab Public Cloud Storage nyob rau hauv "Trough of Disillusionment" dhau ntawm "Peak of Inflated Expectations." Tsis tas li ntawd, Cov Ntaub Ntawv Loj tsuas yog nkag mus rau "Peak of Inflated Expectations". Tag nrho peb nrog lub toj siab uas xav tau hauv 3 txog 5 xyoos. Software raws li Kev Pabcuam (SaaS) tau muab tso rau los ntawm Gartner nyob rau theem "Slope of Enlightenment" nrog rau qhov kev cia siab ntawm 2 txog 5 xyoos.

Hauv xyoo 2018, rau xyoo tom qab, "Cloud Computing" thiab "Public Cloud Storage" tau nyob rau theem "Slope of Enlightenment" nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam tsawg dua 2 xyoos. "Software as a Service" tau mus txog lub toj siab.  Lub ntsiab lus yog tias muaj kev saws me nyuam tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem huab nyob rau lub sijhawm no.  

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv 2022, huab xam yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws thib ob kaum xyoo ntawm kev saws me nyuam thiab tam sim no yog lub neej ntawd technology rau daim ntawv thov tshiab.  As Gartner hais tias, "Yog tsis yog huab, nws yog legacy." Gartner hais ntxiv tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm huab xam ntawm lub koom haum yog kev hloov pauv. Yuav ua li cas cov koom haum yuav tsum ua raws li qhov kev hloov pauv no?

Daim ntawv qhia no piav qhia ntau ntxiv txog qhov nws txhais tau tias lub tshuab yog nyob rau hauv ib theem. 

Cov koom haum yuav tsum ua li cas thiaj li hloov tau lub koom haum?

Hauv lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txais yuav huab, cov koom haum yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, tsim cov cai tshiab, tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Nov yog cov npe ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb uas koj yuav tsum tau daws kom paub tseeb tias koj lub tsev nyob hauv kev txiav txim: 

1. Kev cob qhia, rov qhia dua lossis ua haujlwm tshiab.  Hauv kev siv cov huab huab rau pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia lossis siv cov ntawv thov, koj tau outsourced kev txhawb nqa thiab kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem. Koj tseem xav tau kev paub hauv tsev los tswj tus neeg muag khoom thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas siv cov cuab yeej tshiab uas koj muaj rau kev paub txog kev txheeb xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.     
2. Cov Ntaub Ntawv.  Nws yog txhua yam hais txog cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv yog cov txiaj ntsig tshiab. Peb tab tom tham txog Cov Ntaub Ntawv Loj - cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ntsib yam tsawg kawg ntawm qee qhov V's of the definition. Hauv kev txav mus rau huab, tsawg kawg qee yam ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyob hauv huab. Yog tias koj "tag nrho-hauv", koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab khaws cia rau hauv huab thiab ua tiav hauv huab.

A. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Koj cov ntawv thov nyob rau hauv prem puas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv huab? Puas yog koj cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg nws yuav tsum tau ua? Koj puas yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm nyiaj txiag hauv koj qhov kev hloov pauv huab los txav koj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau huab? Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas? Koj puas xav tau tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab kom tau txais koj cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv mus rau huab? Yog tias koj npaj siab ua AI lossis kev kawm tshuab, yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txaus kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov raug thiab raug.

B. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv. Puas yog koj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv hom uas tuaj yeem noj tau los ntawm cov neeg thiab cov cuab yeej uas yuav nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv? Koj puas tuaj yeem ua "lift-and-shift" ntawm koj lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv? Los yog, nws puas tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm? 

C. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas koj cov kev txiav txim siab tso siab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm koj cov kev txiav txim siab. Kev tswj hwm, cov neeg saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, kev tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, tej zaum tus kws saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txais yuav kev txawj ntse hauv huab. Siv sijhawm ua ntej koj tsiv cov ntaub ntawv mus rau huab los ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas cuam tshuam ntau tshaj qhov pom tias koj tau tsiv cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tsis xav tau.

D. Kev hloov pauv thiab tsis paub tseeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis sib haum lossis tsis tiav. Hauv kev ntsuas koj cov ntaub ntawv thiab koj xav siv nws li cas, puas muaj qhov khoob? Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm los kho cov teeb meem paub txog kev lag luam thoob plaws cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Standardize thoob plaws cov chaw qhia txog tej yam yooj yim xws li lub sij hawm qhov ntev, geography hierarchies. Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ib qhov.   

E. Cov kev txwv muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv loj nws tus kheej. Ntau qhov txiaj ntsig muaj peev xwm yuav xav tau tus kws tshaj lij sau npe los ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig rau qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias koj cov lus nug rov qab ntau cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav ua li cas rau tib neeg? Txhawm rau lim nws ntxiv thiab txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kom nws tuaj yeem noj tau los ntawm tus tib neeg uas tsis yog super, koj yuav tsum paub txog kev lag luam tom qab cov ntaub ntawv.

     3. Txhawb nqa lub hauv paus / kev tsim kho ntawm IT. Xav txog txhua qhov txav mus los. Nws zoo li tsis yog tag nrho koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyob hauv huab. Tej zaum tej zaum yuav nyob hauv huab. Qee qhov hauv tsev. Tseem muaj lwm cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyob rau hauv lwm neeg muag khoom huab. Koj puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus ntshai? Koj puas tau npaj txav los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub cev kho vajtse mus rau kev tswj cov neeg muag khoom uas tswj hwm lub cev kho vajtse? Koj puas to taub qhov kev txwv ntawm huab ib puag ncig? Koj puas tau suav nrog lub peev xwm los txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj teeb meem nrog rau cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm lub platform. Koj puas tseem tuaj yeem siv tib yam SDK, API, cov ntaub ntawv siv hluav taws xob uas koj tau siv hauv tsev? Tej zaum lawv yuav xav tau rov sau dua. Yuav ua li cas txog koj ETL uas twb muaj lawm los thauj cov ntaub ntawv warehouse los ntawm kev lag luam tshuab? ETL cov ntawv sau yuav tsum tau sau dua tshiab.

     4. Txhim kho lub luag haujlwm. Cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau rov ua dua ntawm cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab yuav ua li cas nkag tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv huab. Feem ntau lub desktop lossis network daim ntawv thov yuav muaj tib lub npe lossis zoo ib yam li ib lub siab rau huab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txawv, lossis txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem.  

Yog tias koj lub koom haum mob siab txog kev txav mus rau huab thiab ua qhov feem ntau ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, tsis muaj kev sib cav tias qhov kev txav mus los tuaj yeem muab kev lag luam tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam. Xyaum hais lus, kom mus txog ntawm no, koj yuav tsum: 

1. Tsim kom muaj charter.  

A. Koj puas tau txhais qhov Scope ntawm koj qhov project?  

B. Koj puas muaj kev txhawb nqa thawj coj?

C. Leej twg - lub luag haujlwm twg - yuav tsum suav nrog hauv qhov project? Leej twg yog tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse? Koj xav tau kev txawj ntse dab tsi los tso siab rau cov neeg muag khoom huab rau?

D. Lub hom phiaj kawg yog dab tsi? Los ntawm txoj kev, lub hom phiaj tsis yog "txav mus rau huab". Koj sim daws qhov teeb meem dab tsi?

E. Txhais koj cov txheej txheem ua tiav. Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias koj ua tiav?

2. Tshawb nrhiav. Pib thaum pib. Nqa cov khoom muag. Nrhiav seb koj muaj dab tsi. Teb cov lus nug:

A. Peb muaj ntaub ntawv dab tsi?

B. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg?

C. Cov txheej txheem ua lag luam twg yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa? Cov txheej txheem no xav tau dab tsi?

D. Tam sim no peb siv cov cuab yeej thiab kev siv dab tsi los tswj cov ntaub ntawv?

E. Dab tsi yog qhov loj thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv?

F. Peb yuav muaj dab tsi? Cov ntawv thov twg muaj nyob hauv huab los ntawm peb tus neeg muag khoom?

G. Peb yuav txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv li cas? Cov chaw nres nkoj dab tsi yuav xav tau qhib hauv huab?

H. Puas muaj tej kev cai lossis kev cai uas hais txog kev ceev ntiag tug lossis kev ruaj ntseg? Puas muaj SLAs nrog cov neeg siv khoom uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia?  

I. Koj puas paub yuav suav cov nqi li cas rau kev siv huab?

3. Ntsuas thiab ntsuas. 

A. Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi peb npaj txav mus?

B. Ntsuas cov nqi. Tam sim no koj paub cov peev txheej thiab ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, koj nyob hauv txoj haujlwm zoo dua los txhais cov peev nyiaj.

C. Txhais qhov khoob uas muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov koj muaj tam sim no thiab qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov koj xav kom muaj. Peb tsis muaj dab tsi?

D. suav nrog kev sim tsiv teb tsaws chaw kom nthuav tawm qhov koj tau plam hauv txoj kev xav.

E. suav nrog Kev Xeem Txais Neeg Siv nyob rau theem no nrog rau theem kawg.

F. Koj tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj teeb meem dab tsi uas koj tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau theem tom ntej?

G. Dab tsi txaus ntshai tau raug txheeb xyuas?

4. Npaj. Tsim kom muaj ib road daim ntawv qhia 

A. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb? Dab tsi los ua ntej? Dab tsi yog qhov sib lawv liag?

B. Koj tuaj yeem cais dab tsi? Koj tuaj yeem txo qhov peev txheej li cas?

C. Puas yuav muaj sijhawm rau kev ua haujlwm sib luag?

D. Txoj kev mus kom ze yog dab tsi? Ib nrab / phased mus kom ze?

E. Koj puas tau txhais txoj hauv kev ruaj ntseg?

F. Koj puas tau txhais cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab thiab cov phiaj xwm kev puas tsuaj rov qab?

G. Cov phiaj xwm kev sib txuas lus yog dab tsi - sab hauv rau qhov project, rau cov neeg koom nrog, rau cov neeg siv kawg?

5. Tsim. Hloov chaw. Kuaj. Tua tawm.

A. Ua haujlwm raws li kev npaj. Kho nws dynamically raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.

B. Tsim koj lub peev xwm keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab ua tiav koj lub hauv paus IT qub thiab pib siv cov ntaub ntawv loj thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev txawj ntse.       

6. Iterate thiab Refine.  

A. Thaum twg koj tuaj yeem so haujlwm cov servers uas tam sim no zaum tsis ua haujlwm?

B. Koj nrhiav tau dab tsi refactoring uas yuav tsum tau ua?

C. Dab tsi optimizations tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv huab?  

D. Dab tsi tshiab cov ntaub ntawv thov tam sim no koj tuaj yeem siv hauv huab?

E. Qib tom ntej yog dab tsi? AI, machine learning, advanced analytics?

Gotchas

Ib txhia qhov chaw hais tias ntau li 70% ntawm cov phiaj xwm thev naus laus zis yog tag nrho lossis ib feem ua tsis tiav. Thaj, nws nyob ntawm koj txhais ntawm   ua tsis tiav. Lwm qhov chaw pom tias 75% xav tias lawv qhov project yog doomed txij thaum pib. Qhov ntawd yuav txhais tau tias 5% ua tiav txawm tias muaj kev sib tw tawm tsam lawv. Kuv qhov kev paub qhia kuv tias muaj ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov phiaj xwm thev naus laus zis uas tsis tau tawm hauv av lossis ua tsis tiav qhov kev cia siab tau cog lus tseg. Muaj qee cov ntsiab lus uas cov phiaj xwm sib koom. Thaum koj pib npaj koj txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau huab, ntawm no yog qee qhov gotchas saib rau. Yog tias koj tsis ua, lawv zoo li phem karma, lossis qhov qhab nia tsis zoo - sai lossis tom qab, lawv yuav tom koj hauv pob tw.:

1. tswv. Ib tug tib neeg yuav tsum muaj qhov project los ntawm kev tswj xyuas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus neeg koom yuav tsum xav tias muaj kev nqis peev uas muaj feem cuam tshuam.
2. nqi. Puas tau muab pob nyiaj siv? Koj puas paub qhov kev txiav txim loj rau 12 lub hlis tom ntej nrog rau kev kwv yees ntawm cov nqi txuas mus ntxiv? Puas muaj cov nqi zais cia? Koj puas tau jettisoned ntau tshaj flotsam thiab jetsam hauv kev npaj rau kev txav mus los. Koj tsis xav hloov cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsis siv, lossis tsis ntseeg.       
3. coj noj coj ua. Puas yog qhov project tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tswj hwm? Puas yog kev cia siab thiab kev txhais ntawm kev vam meej muaj tiag? Cov hom phiaj puas ua raws li kev pom zoo thiab lub tswv yim?
4. project Management. Puas yog lub sijhawm, cov peev txheej thiab cov peev txheej muaj tseeb? Puas muaj "kev quab yuam" xav kom lub sijhawm xa khoom luv dua, muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv thiab / lossis tus nqi qis dua lossis tsawg dua cov neeg? Puas muaj kev tuav pov hwm rau cov kev xav tau? Lawv puas muaj tseeb thiab txhais tau zoo?
5. Human Resources. Technology yog qhov yooj yim. Nws yog cov neeg uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tw. Kev tsiv mus rau huab yuav coj kev hloov pauv. Cov neeg tsis nyiam kev hloov pauv. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov kev cia siab kom tsim nyog. Puas muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm txaus thiab tsim nyog tau mob siab rau rau qhov pib? Lossis, koj puas tau sim txiav lub sijhawm los ntawm cov neeg uas twb tsis khoom nrog lawv txoj haujlwm hnub? Koj puas muaj peev xwm tuav tau ib pab neeg ruaj khov? Ntau qhov haujlwm ua tsis tiav vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.  
6. Txaus ntshai. Puas muaj kev pheej hmoo raug txheeb xyuas thiab tswj tau zoo?  
7. Kev siab phem. Koj puas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas tawm ntawm koj qhov kev tswj hwm tab sis qhov twg yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xa khoom? Xav txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev coj noj coj ua. Kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau koj lub peev xwm kom tau raws li lub sijhawm kawg thiab tau txais cov peev txheej?  

Cloud Computing Hype Cycle hauv 2022

Yog li ntawd nyob qhov twg yog Cloud Computing, Public Cloud Storage thiab Software raws li Kev Pabcuam ntawm Gartner cov thev naus laus zis hype niaj hnub no? Lawv tsis yog. Lawv tsis yog cov technologies uas yuav los lawm. Lawv tsis nyob ntawm lub qab ntug. Lawv yog cov mainstream, tos txais yuav. Saib kom loj hlob hauv qab no tawm kev thev naus laus zis: AI-Augmented Design, Generative AI, Physics-informed AI thiab Non Fungible Tokens.  

Cov tswv yim hauv tsab xov xwm no yog thawj zaug tau nthuav tawm raws li qhov xaus rau tsab xov xwm "Cognitive Analytics: Txhim Kho Koj Txoj Cai IT Foundation" nthuav tawm hauv TDWI Business Intelligence Journal, Vol 22, No.4.