Ilungiselela Ukuthuthela Efwini

Manje siseshumini lesibili leminyaka lokutholwa kwamafu. Amabhizinisi angaba ngu-92% asebenzisa i-cloud computing ngezinga elithile. Lo bhubhane ube ngumshayeli wakamuva wokuthi izinhlangano zamukele ubuchwepheshe bamafu. Ukuhambisa ngempumelelo idatha eyengeziwe, amaphrojekthi nezinhlelo zokusebenza kumafu kuncike ekulungiseleleni, ekuhleleni nasekulindeleni izinkinga.  

1. Ukulungiselela imayelana nedatha kanye nokuphathwa kwabantu kwedatha nengqalasizinda esekelayo.
2. Kuhlela kubalulekile. Uhlelo ludinga ukuqukatha izici ezithile ezibalulekile.
3. Ukuphathwa kwezinkinga yikhono lokubona kusengaphambili izindawo ezingase zibe nenkinga kanye nekhono lokuzulazula kuzo uma kuhlangatshezwane nazo.  

Izinto Ezine Ibhizinisi Okufanele Lizenze Ukuze Liphumelele Emafini, Kanye Nezi-7 Gotchas

Ibhizinisi lakho lizothuthela emafini. Hhayi-ke, ake ngikubeke kabusha lokho, uma ibhizinisi lakho lizoba yimpumelelo, lizodlulela ku- ifu - lokhu, uma lingekho kakade. Uma usuvele ulapho, cishe ngabe awufundi lokhu. Inkampani yakho icabanga phambili futhi ihlose ukusizakala ngazo zonke izinzuzo zefu esixoxile ngazo kwesinye isihloko. Kusukela ngo-2020, u-92% wamabhizinisi asebenzisa ifu ngezinga elithile futhi u-50% wayo yonke idatha yebhizinisi usevele usefini.

Umugqa wesiliva efwini le-COVID: ubhubhane luphoqe ibhizinisi ukuthi libhekisise amakhono amafu ukusekela i-paradigm entsha yabasebenzi abakude. Ifu libhekisela kukho kokubili idatha enkulu isitoreji nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezicubungula leyo datha.  Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthela efwini ukuthola inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokuba nezimo futhi uthole imininingwane emisha kusukela ekulayishweni kwezikebhe kwedatha.   

Inkampani ehlaziya I-Gartner njalo ishicilela umbiko odingida “ubuchwepheshe nezitayela ezibonisa isithembiso ekuletheni izinga eliphakeme lenzuzo yokuncintisana phakathi neminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ezayo.” Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, I-Hype Cycle ka-Gartner ka-2012 ku-Cloud Computing beka i-Cloud Computing kanye ne-Public Cloud Storage “Enkingeni Yokudumazeka” ngale nje kokuthi “Inani Eliphakeme Lokulindelwe.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Big Data isanda kungena "Esiqongweni Sokulindelwe Okunyusiwe". Bobathathu banethafa elilindelekile eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwemi-5. I-Software as a Service (SaaS) yafakwa ngu-Gartner esigabeni esithi “Slope of Enlightenment” nethafa elilindelekile leminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-5.

Ngo-2018, eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, “i-Cloud Computing” kanye “Nesitoreji Sefu Lomphakathi” zazisesigabeni esithi “Slope of Enlightenment” nethafa eliqagelwe elingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2. I-"Software njengesevisi" yayifinyelele ithafa.  Iphuzu liwukuthi kube nokwamukelwa okuphawulekayo kwefu lomphakathi ngalesi sikhathi.  

Namuhla, ngo-2022, i-cloud computing manje isineminyaka eyishumi yesibili yokwamukelwa futhi manje isiwubuchwepheshe obuzenzakalelayo bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha.  As I-Gartner ikubeka, “Uma kungelona ifu, kuyifa.” U-Gartner uqhuba ngokuthi umthelela we-cloud computing enhlanganweni uyashintsha. Kufanele ngabe izinhlangano zilubheke kanjani lolu shintsho?

Leli shadi lichaza kabanzi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi ubuchwepheshe busesigabeni esithile. 

Izinhlangano kufanele zilubheke kanjani uguquko lwenhlangano?

Enqubweni yazo yokwamukela ifu, izinhlangano kuye kwadingeka zenze izinqumo, zenze izinqubomgomo ezintsha, zenze izinqubo ezintsha futhi zibhekane nezinselele ezithile. Nalu uhlu lwezindawo ezithile ozodinga ukuzixazulula ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi indlu yakho ihlelekile: 

1. Ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqeqeshwa kabusha noma izindima ezintsha.  Ekwamukeleni ifu lomphakathi lokugcinwa kwedatha noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukhiphe ukusekelwa nokunakekelwa kwengqalasizinda. Usadinga ubuchwepheshe bangaphakathi ukuze uphathe umdayisi futhi ufinyelele idatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi amasha onawo okuhlaziya ingqondo nesayensi yedatha.     
2. Idatha.  Konke kumayelana nedatha. Idatha iwuhlobo lwemali olusha. Sikhuluma nge-Big Data– idatha ehlangabezana okungenani nenye V's kwencazelo. Lapho uya emafini, okungenani enye idatha yakho izoba semafini. Uma “ungaphakathi kwakho konke”, idatha yakho izogcinwa efwini futhi icutshungulwe emafini.

A. Ukutholakala kwedatha. Ingabe izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezikhona ku-prem zingafinyelela idatha emafini? Ingabe idatha yakho lapho idinga ukucutshungulwa khona? Ingabe udinga ukuhlela isikhathi kuphrojekthi yakho yokuthutha yamafu ukuze uhambise idatha yakho emafini? Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe udinga ukuthuthukisa izinqubo ezintsha ukuze uthole idatha yakho yokwenziwe emafini? Uma uhlose ukwenza i-AI noma ukufunda ngomshini, kufanele kube nedatha eyanele yokuqeqeshwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezinga elifunekayo lokunemba nokunemba.

B. Ukusebenziseka kwedatha. Ingabe idatha yakho ikufomethi engasetshenziswa abantu namathuluzi azofinyelela idatha? Ungakwazi yini ukwenza "i-lift-and-shift" endaweni yakho yokugcina idatha? Noma, ingalungiselelwa ukusebenza? 

C. Ikhwalithi yedatha. Izinga ledatha izinqumo zakho ezithembele kulo lingathinta ikhwalithi yezinqumo zakho. Ukubusa, abaphathi bedatha, ukuphathwa kwedatha, mhlawumbe umlondolozi wedatha angase adlale indima ebalulekile ekwamukelweni kokuhlaziya kwengqondo efwini. Thatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi uthuthele idatha emafini ukuze uhlole ikhwalithi yedatha yakho. Ayikho into ekhungathekisa njengokuthola ukuthi uthuthe idatha ongayidingi.

D. Ukuhlukahluka nokungaqiniseki kudatha enkulu. Idatha ingase ingahambisani noma ingaphelele. Ekuhloleni idatha yakho nendlela ohlose ukuyisebenzisa, ingabe zikhona izikhala? Manje yisikhathi sokulungisa izinkinga ezaziwayo ezihlobene namazinga edatha yebhizinisi lonke. Linganisa kuzo zonke izikhungo zokubika ezintweni ezilula njengobukhulu besikhathi, ukulandelana kwezindawo. Thola lowo mthombo owodwa weqiniso.   

E. Imikhawulo etholakala kudatha enkulu ngokwayo. Inombolo enkulu yemiphumela engaba khona ingase idinge uchwepheshe wesizinda ukuze ahlole imiphumela ngokubaluleka. Ngamanye amazwi, uma umbuzo wakho ubuyisela amarekhodi amaningi, uzowenza kanjani njengomuntu? Ukuyihlunga ngokuqhubekayo futhi wehlise inani lamarekhodi, ukuze idliwe ngumuntu ongeyena umuntu ophakeme, uzodinga ukwazi ibhizinisi ngemuva kwedatha.

     3. Ukusekela isisekelo/ingqalasizinda ye-IT. Cabangela zonke izingxenye ezihambayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona yonke idatha yakho ezoba semafini. Abanye bangase babe semafini. Abanye emagcekeni. Enye idatha ingase ingene elinye ifu lomthengisi. Ingabe unawo umdwebo wokugeleza kwedatha? Ingabe ukulungele ukusuka ekuphatheni izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingokoqobo uye ekuphatheni abathengisi abaphatha izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingokoqobo? Ingabe uyayiqonda imikhawulo yemvelo yamafu? Ingabe uye walandisa ngekhono lokusekela idatha engahlelekile kanye nokhiye wobuchwepheshe bokunika amandla inkundla. Usazokwazi ukusebenzisa i-SDK efanayo, i-API, izinsiza zedatha obuzisebenzisa endaweni? Cishe kuyodingeka zibhalwe kabusha. Kuthiwani nge-ETL yakho ekhona yokulayisha inqolobane yedatha kumasistimu okwenziwayo? Imibhalo ye-ETL izodinga ukubhalwa kabusha.

     4. Ukucwenga izindima. Abasebenzisi bangadinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha ezinhlelweni ezintsha nendlela yokufinyelela idatha emafini. Ngokuvamile ideskithophu noma uhlelo lokusebenza lenethiwekhi lingase libe negama elifanayo noma elifanayo nelinikezelwe emafini. Nokho, ingase isebenze ngendlela ehlukile, noma ibe nesethi yesici ehlukile.  

Uma inhlangano yakho izimisele ngokuthuthela ku-cloud futhi izuze ngokugcwele ukuhlaziya, akukho mpikiswano ngokuthi umnyakazo ungahlinzeka ngenani elibalulekile lebhizinisi nezomnotho. Empeleni, ukuze ufike lapho usuka lapha, uzodinga: 

1. Sungula i-charter.  

A. Ingabe usuyichazile i-scope yephrojekthi yakho?  

B. Ingabe unalo uxhaso lwabaphathi?

C. Ubani - yiziphi izindima - okufanele zifakwe kuphrojekthi? Ubani umakhi omkhulu wezakhiwo? Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obudingayo ukuze uthembele kumthengisi wamafu?

D. Uyini umgomo wokugcina? Ngendlela, umgomo awukona "ukuthuthela efwini". Yiziphi izinkinga ozama ukuzixazulula?

E. Chaza indlela yakho yokuphumelela. Uzokwazi kanjani ukuthi uphumelele?

2. Zitholele. Qala ekuqaleni. Thatha i-inventory. Thola ukuthi yini onayo. Phendula imibuzo:

A. Iyiphi idatha esinayo?

B. Iphi idatha?

C. Yiziphi izinqubo zebhizinisi ezidinga ukusekelwa? Iyiphi idatha lezo zinqubo eziyidingayo?

D. Yimaphi amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza esizisebenzisayo njengamanje ukuze silawule idatha?

E. Buyini usayizi nobunkimbinkimbi bedatha?

F. Yini esizoba nayo? Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala efwini kumthengisi wethu?

G. Sizoxhuma kanjani kudatha? Yiziphi izimbobo ezizodinga ukuvuleka emafini?

H. Ingabe ikhona imithethonqubo noma izimfuneko ezibeka izidingo zobumfihlo noma zokuphepha? Ingabe akhona ama-SLA anamakhasimende adinga ukunakekelwa?  

I. Uyazi ukuthi izindleko zizobalwa kanjani zokusetshenziswa kwamafu?

3. Hlola futhi uhlole. 

A. Iyiphi idatha esihlose ukuyihambisa?

B. Hlola izindleko. Manje njengoba usuwazi ububanzi nevolumu yedatha, usesimweni esingcono sokuchaza ibhajethi.

C. Chaza izikhala ezikhona phakathi kwalokhu onakho njengamanje nokulindelwe kwalokho okulindele ukuba nakho. Sishoda ngani?

D. Faka phakathi ukufuduka kokuhlola ukuze uveze lokho okuphuthelwe ngokombono.

E. Faka Ukuhlolwa Kokwamukela Umsebenzisi kulesi sigaba kanye nasesigabeni sokugcina.

F. Yiziphi izinselele ongazilindela ukuze ukwazi ukwakha izimo eziphuthumayo esigabeni esilandelayo?

G. Yiziphi izingozi ezihlonziwe?

I-4. Hlela. Sungula i-a road imephu. 

A. Yiziphi izinto eziza kuqala? Yini eza kuqala? Kuyini ukulandelana?

B. Yini ongayikhipha? Unganciphisa kanjani ububanzi?

C. Ingabe kuzoba nesikhathi sokucutshungulwa okufanayo?

D. Ithini indlela yokwenza? Indlela eyingxenye / ehlukaniswe ngezigaba?

E. Ingabe uyichazile indlela yokuphepha?

F. Ingabe usichazile ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha nezinhlelo zokuhlenga inhlekelele?

G. Luyini uhlelo lokuxhumana - lwangaphakathi ukuze luphrojekthi, kubabambe iqhaza, kubasebenzisi bokugcina?

5. Yakha. Thutha. Hlola. Yethula.

A. Sebenza uhlelo. Ibuyekeze ngokushintshashintshayo ngokusekelwe olwazini olusha.

B. Yakhela phezu kwamandla akho omlando kanye nempumelelo isisekelo sakho se-IT esiyigugu futhi uqale ukusizakala Ngedatha Enkulu kanye nezinzuzo zezibalo zokuqonda.       

6. Phinda futhi Ucwenge.  

A. Ungaziyeka nini iziphakeli ezihlezi zingenzi lutho?

B. Ikuphi ukulungisa kabusha oye wakuthola okudingeka kwenziwe?

C. Ikuphi ukulungiselelwa okungenziwa kudatha yakho emafini?  

D. Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zedatha ezintsha ongazisebenzisa manje emafini?

E. Iliphi izinga elilandelayo? I-AI, ukufunda komshini, izibalo ezithuthukile?

Gotchas

Abanye imithombo ithi cishe ama-70% amaphrojekthi wezobuchwepheshe awahluleki ngokuphelele noma ayingxenye. Ngokusobala, kuya ngencazelo yakho   ukwehluleka. Okunye umthombo bathole ukuthi u-75% bacabanga ukuthi iphrojekthi yabo iphelile kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokho kungase kusho ukuthi u-5% uphumelele naphezu kwamathuba okuba ngokumelene nawo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​kungitshela ukuthi kunengxenye ebalulekile yamaphrojekthi wezobuchwepheshe angalokothi aqale phansi noma ahluleke ukufeza ngokugcwele okulindelwe okuthenjisiwe. Kunetimu ezivamile lawo maphrojekthi abelana ngazo. Njengoba uqala ukuhlela ukuthuthela kwakho emafini, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzibheke. Uma ungenjalo, zifana ne-karma embi, noma isikolo esibi sesikweletu - maduze nje, zizokuluma ku-butt.:

1. Ubunikazi. Umuntu oyedwa kufanele abe ngumnikazi wephrojekthi ngokombono wokuphatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bonke ababambiqhaza kufanele bazizwe betshaliwe njengababambe iqhaza.
2. Cost. Ingabe isabelomali sabiwe? Uyawazi ukuhleleka kobukhulu bezinyanga ezizayo eziyi-12 kanye nesilinganiso sezindleko eziqhubekayo? Ingabe zikhona izindleko ezifihliwe ezingase zibe khona? Ingabe uke wafaka noma iyiphi i-flotsam ne-jetsam eyeqile ukulungiselela umnyakazo. Awufuni ukuthutha idatha engeke isetshenziswe, noma engathenjwa.       
3. Ubuholi. Ingabe iphrojekthi ixhaswe ngokugcwele ngabaphathi? Ingabe okulindelweyo kanye nencazelo yempumelelo kungokoqobo? Ingabe izinjongo zihambisana nombono neqhinga lebhizinisi?
4. Ukuphatha iphrojekthi. Ingabe imigqa yesikhathi, ububanzi nebhajethi ingokoqobo? Ingabe akhona “amandla” afuna iminqamulajuqu emifushane yokulethwa, ukukhushulwa kwendawo kanye/noma izindleko eziphansi noma abantu abambalwa? Ingabe kukhona ukuqonda okuqinile mayelana nezimfuneko? Ingabe zingokoqobo futhi zichazwe kahle?
5. Umnyango Wabasebenzi. Ubuchwepheshe yingxenye elula. Yinto yabantu engaba inselele. Ukuthuthela emafini kuzoletha izinguquko. Abantu abaluthandi ushintsho. Udinga ukubeka okulindelekile ngendlela efanele. Ngabe abasebenzi abenele nabafanelekile sebenikelwe kulolu hlelo? Noma, ingabe uke wazama ukukhipha isikhathi kubantu asebevele bematasa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wabo wosuku? Ingabe uyakwazi ukugcina iqembu elizinzile? Amaphrojekthi amaningi ayahluleka ngenxa yemali engenayo yabasebenzi ababalulekile.  
6. Izingozi. Ingabe izingozi ziphawuliwe futhi zaphathwa ngempumelelo?  
7. Ukungahambisani nakho. Ingabe ukwazile ukuhlonza izinto ongakwazi ukuzilawula kodwa ezingase zibe nomthelela ekulethweni? Cabanga ngomphumela woshintsho ebuholini. Ngabe ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke lungalithinta kanjani ikhono lakho lokuhlangabezana nezinsuku ezibekiwe futhi uthole izinsiza?  

I-Cloud Computing Hype Cycle ngo-2022

Ngakho-ke ikuphi i-Cloud Computing, i-Public Cloud Storage kanye neSoftware njengesevisi kumjikelezo we-hype wobuchwepheshe obusafufusa kaGartner namuhla? Abanjalo. Abasebona ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa. Abasekho emkhathizwe. Zivamile, zilindele ukutholwa. Bheka ukukhula kokulandelayo ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo: I-AI-Augmented Design, i-Generative AI, i-AI enolwazi nge-Physics kanye namathokheni angewona ama-Fungible.  

Imibono ekulesi sihloko yethulwe ekuqaleni njengesiphetho sesihloko esithi “Cognitive Analytics: Building on Your Legacy IT Foundation” eyethulwe ku- I-TDWI Business Intelligence Journal, uMqulu 22, No. 4.