Disclaimer
Kar a tsallake wannan sakin layi. Ina jinkirin shiga cikin waɗannan rigima, yawancin ruwan siyasa, amma tunani ya zo mini yayin da nake tafiya kare na, Demic. Na sami MD kuma na kasance cikin wani nau'i na kiwon lafiya ko tuntuɓar tun lokacin. A cikin shekaru 20+ da suka gabata, na koyi tunani mai mahimmanci. Ga ƙungiyar IBM da na tattauna a cikin labarin, Na yi aiki a matsayin Masanin Kimiyyar Bayanai. Na ce ina magana da harsunan likitanci da na bayanai. Ni ba masanin cututtuka ba ne ko kwararre kan lafiyar jama'a. Ba a yi nufin wannan don zama kariya ko suka ga kowane mutum ko manufa ba. Abin da na gabatar anan abubuwan lura ne kawai. Fatana ne in tada tunanin ku, haka nan.
Yaki da Zika Da Data
Na farko, gwaninta. A cikin 2017, IBM ta zaɓe ni daga sama da 2000 masu nema, don shiga cikin aikin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na pro bono. An aika da tawagar mu biyar zuwa ƙasar Panama na tsawon wata ɗaya don yin aiki da sashen kula da lafiyar jama’a a wurin. Manufarmu ita ce ƙirƙirar a digital kayan aiki wanda zai sauƙaƙa saurin yanke shawara mai inganci da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan cututtukan da ke haifar da sauro; babba ita ce Zika.
Magani shine bututun musayar bayanai tsakanin masu binciken filin da masu tsara manufofi don sarrafa Zika da sauran cututtuka masu yaduwa. A takaice dai, mun ƙirƙiri aikace-aikacen wayar hannu don maye gurbin tsarin aikinsu na zamani na tura masu binciken vector zuwa cikin filin. Kan lokaci, ingantattun bayanai sun rage girman fashewar da tsawon lokaci ta hanyar samun damar kai hari da dabarun dabarun yankuna - tunanin toshe birni - waɗanda ke buƙatar gyara.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, cutar ta Zika ta fara tafiya.
Ayyukan ɗan adam bai kawo ƙarshen cutar ta Zika ba. Ƙungiyar lafiyar jama'a ta yi aiki don ɗaukar shi, ta hanyar bincike, ilimi da shawarwarin balaguro. Amma a ƙarshe, kwayar cutar ta ci gaba da tafiya, ta kamu da yawancin jama'a, kuma rigakafi na garken ya haɓaka, don haka ya dakatar da yaduwar. A yau, ana ɗaukar Zika a matsayin annoba a wasu sassan duniya tare da fashewar lokaci.
A cikin wasu daga cikin farkon kuma mafi munin annoba kusan duk wanda ya yi rashin lafiya ya mutu. Tare da Zika, "Da zarar yawancin jama'a sun kamu da cutar, ba su da rigakafi kuma suna kare wasu mutane daga kamuwa da cutar [babu wani maganin rigakafi don kare Zika." Abin da ya faru da Zika ke nan. An kawo karshen barkewar cutar a Amurka kuma cutar Zika a yanzu a cikin 2021 ya yi kadan. Wannan shine babban labari! Zika ya kai kololuwa a cikin 2016 a daidai lokacin da jami'an Panama suka nemi IBM da ta aika da taimako don yakar sauro. Watsawa Zika | Cutar Zika | CDC
Dangantaka ba dalili bane, amma bayan ziyarar mu zuwa Panama, cutar ta Zika ta ci gaba da raguwa. Ana samun barkewar cutar lokaci-lokaci, amma tun daga lokacin ba ta kai matakin damuwa ba. Wasu suna tsammanin pendulum zai koma baya yayin da rigakafi na halitta ya ragu kuma mutanen da ba a san su ba suna ƙaura zuwa wuraren haɗari na Zika.
Daidaiton Cutar Zika da COVID-19
Ta yaya wannan ke da alaƙa da COVID-19? Dukansu ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da alhakin duka COVID-19 da Zika ƙwayoyin cuta ne. Suna da nau'ikan watsawa na farko daban-daban. Zika yana yaduwa daga sauro zuwa ga mutane. Akwai damammaki don watsawa mutum-da-mutum, amma babban nau'in watsawa shine kai tsaye daga sauro.
Ga coronavirus, an nuna cewa wasu dabbobi, kamar ƙuda da kuma deer, yi dauke da kwayar cutar, amma babban nau'i na watsa mutum-da-mutum ne.
Tare da cututtukan da ke haifar da sauro (Zika, Chikungunya, zazzabin Dengue), manufar ma'aikatar lafiyar jama'a ta Panama ita ce rage kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar rage kamuwa da cutar. A cikin Amurka, ban da rigakafin da aka haɓaka cikin sauri, da kiwon lafiyar jama'a na farko matakan magance COVID sun haɗa da rage fallasa da iyakance yadawa ga wasu. Matakan rage wa waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin gaske sun haɗa da rufe fuska, nisantar jiki, ware da kuma rufe sanduna da wuri.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da cututtukan biyu ya dogara da… ok, watakila wannan shine inda ake samun sabani. Baya ga ilimi da raba bayanai, manufofin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na rigakafin mummunan sakamako za a iya mayar da hankali kan 1. kawar da kwayar cutar, 2. kawar da kwayar cutar, 3. allurar rigakafi / kariya daga mafi rauni (mutane da ke cikin haɗari mafi girma). don mummunan sakamako), 4. garkuwar garken garken, ko 5. wasu haɗe-haɗe na sama.
Saboda vectors a cikin wasu dabbobi, ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta (sai dai idan kun fara rigakafin sauro da jemagu, ina tsammani). Ina ganin kuma ba ma'ana ba ne a yi magana game da kawar da vector, ko dai. Sauro yana da ban tsoro, ban da ɗaukar cututtuka masu illa, amma na tabbata suna amfani da wata manufa mai amfani. Ba zan iya tunanin yin rayuwa ta bace ba saboda suna cutar da mutane.
Don haka, bari muyi magana game da rigakafi/kare ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari da garkuwar garken garken. Babu shakka, mun isa cikin wannan annoba cewa jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a da gwamnatoci sun riga sun yanke wannan shawarar kuma sun yanke shawarar matakin. Ba na biyu na hasashen hanyar ko ma jifa da duwatsu da cikakken hangen nesa.
Mutane masu haɗari mafi girma sun haɗa da tsofaffi masu shekaru 65 da haihuwa da waɗanda ke da mummunan yanayin rashin lafiya; abubuwa kamar cututtukan zuciya, ciwon sukari, kiba, rashin lafiyar jiki, da sauransu. Ga waɗanda za mu ƙara mata masu ciki domin Zika saboda ana iya canjawa wuri intrautero.
Garken garken garken shine lokacin da takamaiman adadin jama'a ya kai kaso na daidaikun mutanen da ke samun kariya daga cutar ko dai ta hanyar rigakafi ko kuma ta hanyar rigakafi ta yanayi. A wannan lokacin, ga waɗanda ba su da rigakafi, haɗarin cututtuka yana da ƙasa, saboda akwai kaɗan masu ɗauka. Don haka, waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin haɗari suna samun kariya daga waɗanda aka fallasa a baya. Tattaunawar ta kasance kan menene ainihin kashi na yawan jama'a (alurar riga kafi + da aka dawo dasu tare da ƙwayoyin rigakafi) za a buƙaci don zama rigakafin garken garken garken ga coronavirus.
Yaƙin Panama
Ya da IBM Shirin Zika a Panama, mun sami damar haɓaka aikace-aikacen tushen waya na ainihi tare da alamar geolocation, wanda zai iya rage duka tsanani da tsawon lokacin barkewar cutar idan an aiwatar da shi gabaɗaya. Ta hanyar maye gurbin rikodi da ba da rahoto mai saurin aiki da kuskure, bayanan sun isa ga masu yanke shawara a cikin sa'o'i maimakon makonni. Jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a a matakin kasa sun iya kwatanta rahotannin wuraren da sauro ke dauke da cututtuka da kuma rahoton da aka samu na asibiti a asibiti. A yakin da ake yi da kwayar cutar Zika, wadannan jami'ai sun ba da umarnin kai kayan aiki zuwa waɗancan wurare na musamman don kawar da sauro a yankin.
Don haka, maimakon abroad hanyar da za a bi don yaƙar cuta, sun mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce a wuraren da ke da matsala da kuma wuraren da za a iya samun matsala. A yin haka, sun fi iya mayar da hankali kan albarkatun kuma sun sami damar da sauri kashe wuraren zafi.
Tare da wannan duka a matsayin bango, zan yi ƙoƙarin zana wasu kamanceceniya tsakanin cutar ta Zika da cutar ta COVID-XNUMX ta yanzu. Daya binciken a cikin Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health sun gudanar da wani bincike na wallafe-wallafen asibiti kuma sun ƙaddara, "Akwai ma'amala mai mahimmanci tsakanin cutar [cutar Zika] da COVID-19 dangane da ƙayyadaddun dabarun bincike, hanyoyin warkewa, da rashin tabbas. A cikin cututtukan guda biyu, marasa lafiya da likitocin ba su da bayanai don yanke shawarar da aka sani. Saƙon lafiyar jama'a yakan kasance sabani a cikin wannan cibiyar. An yada labaran karya a dandalin sada zumunta na kowace annoba. Muhawarar kimiyya mai tsanani har ma ta haifar da ka'idojin makirci. Ba shi da wahala a yi tunanin cewa kowane ɗayan waɗannan martanin da ke da mummunar tasiri ga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin mutane masu rauni ko masu haɗari.
Kwatanta Cutar Zika da COVID-19: Bayanin asibiti da Jama'a Saƙon Lafiya
| Cutar Zika | CUTAR COVID19 | |
|---|---|---|
| vector | Flavivirus: vector Aedes aegypti da Aedes albopictus sauro 3 | Coronavirus: droplets, fomites 74 |
| transmission | Sauro sune na farko
Watsawar jima'i 10 Yaduwa ta hanyar ƙarin jini, bayyanar dakin gwaje-gwaje 9 |
Kwayoyin cututtuka masu yaduwa ta hanyar numfashi 74
Mai yuwuwar watsa iska 75 |
| Watsawa a tsaye yayin daukar ciki | Watsawa a tsaye daga mai ciki zuwa tayin yana faruwa, kuma mai yiwuwa kamuwa da cuta ta haihuwa 9 | Ba zai yuwu a watsawa tsaye/cutar haihuwa ba 76 |
| Alamun | Sau da yawa asymptomatic; Alamun mura mai laushi irin su zazzabi, arthralgia, rash, da conjunctivitis 3 | Asymptomatic; Hakanan yana kwaikwayon rhinorrhea na al'ada da dyspnea na physiologic na ciki 65 |
| Gwajin bincike | RT-PCR, NAAT, PRNT, IgM serologies 32
Babban ƙimar ƙarya da ƙima 26 Rashin amsawar ƙwayoyin cuta na immunoglobulin tare da sauran flaviviruses masu kama da juna, kamar cutar zazzabin dengue. 26 Fahimtar ganewar mahaifa ta iyakance ta hankali da ƙayyadaddun duban dan tayi don gano raunin ƙwayar cuta 20 |
RT-PCR, NAAT, IgM serologies 42
Hankali ya bambanta dangane da lokaci daga fallasa, dabarar samfur, tushen samfurin 76 Gwajin antigen cikin sauri (COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip) akwai, amma akwai damuwa game da ingancinsu, daidaito, da aikinsu. 76 Ci gaba da rashin ƙarfin gwaji da reagents na dakin gwaje-gwaje 42 |
| Kayan lafiya | Taimakon tallafi
Ciwon Zika na Haihuwa yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, jiyya ta jiki, magungunan magunguna don rikicewar rikice-rikice, gyare-gyare / prosthetics don raunin gani da gani. 23 |
Taimakon tallafi
Remdesivir yana bayyana lafiya a cikin ciki Sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali (ribavirin, baricitinib) sune teratogenic, embryotoxic 39 |
Gajartawa: COVID-19, cutar coronavirus 2019; IgM, immunoglobulin aji M; NAAT, gwajin haɓaka haɓakar acid nucleic; PRNT, gwajin rage raguwar plaque; RT-PCR, gwajin amsawar sarkar polymerase mai juyawa.
Ana samar da wannan labarin kyauta ta hanyar PubMed Central a zaman wani ɓangare na martanin gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a na COVID-19. Ana iya amfani da shi don sake amfani da bincike mara iyaka da bincike ta kowace hanya ko ta kowace hanya tare da yarda da tushen asali, na tsawon lokacin gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a. (Mawallafin ya gyara)
A cikin kwarewarmu ta Zika a Panama, binciken gida-gida ya nemi sauro. A yau, muna amfani da gwajin COVID don nemo coronavirus. Dukansu biyu suna neman shaidar kwayar cutar, wanda ake magana da su a matsayin binciken vector. Binciken vector yana neman shaidar masu iya ɗaukar kwayar cutar da yanayin da ke ba ta damar bunƙasa.
Kwatanta COVID-19 zuwa Cututtukan da suka gabata
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran cututtukan kwanan nan, ƙimar COVID-19 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi yaɗuwa dangane da ƙasashen da abin ya shafa da adadin adadin da aka gano. Abin farin ciki, ƙimar Case Fatality (CFR) yayi ƙasa da sauran manyan annoba.
Source: Yadda Coronavirus ke Kwatanta da SARS, Murar Alade, da Sauran Annoba
Coronavirus ya fi kisa fiye da wasu cututtukan da ba a haɗa su cikin wannan ginshiƙi ba. Barkewar cutar murar aladu (H2009N1) ta 1 ta kamu da cutar tsakanin mutane miliyan 700 da biliyan 1.4 a duniya, amma tana da CFR na 0.02%. Har ila yau, ba a cikin wannan ginshiƙi akwai mutane 500,000 da ake zargin sun kamu da cutar Zika a cikin 2015 da 2016 da mutuwar 18. Don kawo COVID-19 na yau da kullun, har zuwa Disamba 2021, da Worldomet ne Gidan yanar gizon bin diddigin coronavirus ya sanya adadin kararraki a 267,921,597 tare da mutuwar 5,293,306 don ƙididdige CFR na 1.98%. Saboda COVID-19 na iya zama asymptomatic kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health binciken, ƙila ma su san ba su da lafiya. Babu wani dalili da zai sa wadannan mutane su nemi jarrabawa don kada su zama wani bangare na adadin. A takaice dai, wannan yanayin na iya haifar da ƙimar shari'ar COVID-19 ya fi yadda kididdigar ta nuna.
A farkon matakai na annoba, bayanai daga ƙirar ƙididdiga na annoba, ganewar asibiti da ingancin magani galibi ba su da yawa. Dabarun a matakin farko sun haɗa da haɓaka gwaji da bayar da rahoto, sadarwa, da ƙoƙarin shirya ƙarfin da ake tsammani na rigakafi, gwaji da jiyya. Kowane mutum a lokacin, ko yana sane ko bai sani ba, yana yin kimanta haɗarin mutum ɗaya bisa fahimtar girman haɗarin, iyawarsu na tinkarar barazanar da sakamakon barazanar. A cikin al'ummar yau, waɗannan akidu suna ƙarfafa ko raunana ta hanyar cin abinci na kafofin watsa labarun da kafofin watsa labaru.
COVID gwaje-gwaje kimanta kasancewar coronavirus. Dangane da nau'in gwajin gudanarwa, sakamako mai kyau ko dai zai nuna cewa mai haƙuri yana da kamuwa da cuta mai aiki (gwajin PCR mai sauri ko gwajin antigen na lab) ko kuma ya sami kamuwa da cuta a wani lokaci (gwajin antibody).
Idan mutum yana da alamun da suka yi daidai da COVID da ingantaccen gwajin antigen, yana da garantin yin aiki. Wannan matakin zai zama kashe kwayar cutar da kuma dakatar da yaduwar. Amma, saboda coronavirus yana da yaduwa sosai, mutanen da ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma ba su da wasu yanayi, masana ba da shawarar zaton gwajin inganci kuma a keɓe kansu na tsawon kwanaki 10 zuwa makonni biyu. [UPDATE: A ƙarshen Disamba 2021, CDC ta rage shawarar warewar da aka ba da shawarar ga mutanen da ke da COVID zuwa kwanaki 5 sannan kwanaki 5 na rufe fuska a kusa da wasu. Ga waɗanda aka fallasa ga sanannun lokuta na ƙwayar cuta, CDC ta ba da shawarar keɓe kwana 5 tare da kwanaki 5 na rufe fuska ga waɗanda ba a yi musu allurar ba. Ko, kwanaki 10 na abin rufe fuska idan an yi musu alluran rigakafi da haɓaka.] Har yanzu wasu masana bayar da shawarar kula da mutanen asymptomatic idan suna da ingantaccen gwajin antigen na COVID. (Bincike, duk da haka, yana nuna cewa kamuwa da cutar asymptomatic yana da rauni. Kalubalen, duk da haka, shine bambance asymptomatic daga presymptomatic wanda ke yaduwa.) Ana kashe kwayar cutar ta hanyar jinyar majiyyaci, barin tsarin tsaro na jiki ya sami amsa, kuma ya ware mara lafiya yayin da suke yaduwa. Rigakafi da sa baki da wuri sune mabuɗin sarrafa cutar. Wannan shine abin da kuka sani yanzu, "lankwasa lankwasa. "
Dangane da cutar Zika, shawarwarin lafiyar jama'a sun haɗa da yin taka tsantsan a gida waɗanda za su hana haɓakawa da haɓakar sauro - kawar da tsayayyen ruwa a farfajiyar ku, cire yuwuwar tafki kamar tsofaffin taya. Hakazalika, shawarwari don rage yaduwar na coronavirus sun haɗa da nisantar jiki, abin rufe fuska da haɓaka tsafta, kamar wanke hannu da amintaccen zubar da kyallen da aka yi amfani da su.
https://www.news-medical.net/health/How-does-the-COVID-19-Pandemic-Compare-to-Other-Pandemics.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8242848/ ("Abubuwan waje kamar cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a da tushen bayanai na iya haɓakawa ko lalata hasashe haɗari.")
https://www.city-journal.org/how-rapid-result-antigen-tests-can-help-beat-covid-19
Abin da ban gani ba a cikin cutar ta COVID na yanzu shine tsarin mayar da hankali, tushen bayanai, tsarin niyya. Ko a Panama, tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a game da cutar ta Zika ba ta dace da kowa ba. Ba shi da amfani - saboda albarkatun suna da iyaka - don yaƙar sauro a kowane fanni kuma ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da duk abubuwan da za su yiwu. Don haka, an sadaukar da albarkatu ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗari mafi girma dangane da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin ƙasa.
COVID-19 Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Matakan zamantakewa
Tare da cutar ta COVID-19, ba shi da amfani don kiyaye kowa daga kamuwa da cuta. Abin da muka koya shi ne cewa yana da ma'ana sosai don ba da fifikon sa kaimi ga lafiyar jama'a ga mafi rauni da kuma yawan al'ummar da ke cikin haɗari ga mafi ƙarancin sakamakon likita. Idan muka bi tsarin tattalin arziki, muna da bayanai don tabbatar da sadaukar da ƙarin albarkatu da matakan sarrafawa zuwa: 
- Wurare masu yawan jama'a - yanki da yanayi - birane, jigilar jama'a da tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama.
- Cibiyoyin da ke da mutanen da ke da ƙarancin yanayi waɗanda za su ba da gudummawa ga sakamako mara kyau idan sun kamu da cutar ta coronavirus - asibitoci, asibitoci
- Mutanen da ke da haɗarin mutuwa mafi girma idan sun yi kwangilar COVID-19, wato tsofaffi a gidajen jinya, al'ummomin ritaya.
- Jihohin da ke da yanayi sun fi dacewa da kwafin coronavirus. Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniyar yayi kashedin cewa kwayar cutar tana yaduwa a duk yanayin yanayi, amma akwai bambance-bambancen yanayi waɗanda ke nuna girma a cikin watannin hunturu
- Mutanen da ke da alamun suna da haɗari mafi girma na watsa cutar ga wasu. Gwaji ya kamata a mai da hankali kan wannan yawan jama'a kuma a ɗauki matakin da sauri don ware da magani.
Ya bayyana cewa WHO Yuni 2021 shawarwarin wucin gadi suna jingine ta wannan hanya. Sabbin shawarwarin sun haɗa da lafiyar jama'a da matakan zamantakewa "wanda ya dace da yanayin gida". Jagorar WHO ta nuna cewa "ya kamata a aiwatar da matakan [lafin lafiyar jama'a da zamantakewa] ta mafi ƙarancin matakin gudanarwa wanda za a iya kimanta yanayi kuma ya dace da saitunan gida da yanayi." A takaice dai, kimanta bayanai a mafi girman matakin da ake da shi da ɗaukar mataki. Wannan littafin ya kuma kara takaita mayar da hankali a cikin wani sabon sashe kan la'akari da matakan kiwon lafiyar jama'a daban-daban dangane da matsayin rigakafin SARS-CoV-2 na mutum sakamakon rigakafin COVID-19 ko kamuwa da cuta da ya gabata.
Shin COVID na iya bin yanayin Zika?
Adadin Abubuwan Zika a Amurka da Yankuna
Panama da worldwide bayanai sun nuna irin wannan yanayin na lokuta na Zika. The na al'ada ci gaba shi ne annobar cutar ta ragu zuwa annoba, sannan ta kamu da bullar cutar lokaci-lokaci. A yau, za mu iya waiwaya kan cutar ta Zika. Ina ba da kalmar bege. Tare da bayanai, gogewa da lokaci, coronavirus, kamar cutar Zika da duk ƙwayoyin cuta kafin hakan, za su gudanar da aikinta.
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